uterine fibroids

Estradiol (E2) 是一种天然的类固醇性激素，对于女性生育能力和第二性征的维持至关重要。Estradiol 通过雌激素受体 β (ERβ) 上调 IL-6 表达。

Linzagolix 是一种口服有活性的非多肽GnRH 拮抗剂。可用于研究子宫肌瘤、子宫腺肌症、子宫内膜异位症。

Vilaprisan (BAY 1002670) 是一种新型可口服且具有选择性的黄体酮受体调节剂 (SPRM)，对子宫肌瘤 (UF) 具有抗增殖活性，可用于研究子宫肌瘤。

Cancer-Targeting Compound 1可用于激素相关癌症的研究，包括治疗或预防肌瘤、子宫平滑肌瘤、多囊卵巢综合征或激素依赖性癌等等。

Opigolix (ASP-1707)是一种可口服促性腺激素释放激素 (GnRH) 受体拮抗剂，可用于研究子宫内膜异位症相关疼痛、风湿性关节炎和子宫肌瘤。

LY2066948 作为一种选择性口服雌激素受体调节剂 (SERM)，该化合物对雌激素受体ERα和ERβ显示出高度亲和性，其Ki值分别为0.51和1.36 nM。此外，LY2066948展现出显著的抗雌激素活性，能有效抑制乙炔雌二醇在未成熟大鼠中引发的子宫重量增长。该化合物主要用于子宫肌瘤和肌瘤的相关研究。

Linzagolix choline 是一种可口服的非肽类的促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）拮抗剂。可用于研究子宫肌瘤和子宫内膜异位症相关疼痛。

Triptorelin, a decapeptide (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Trp-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2), is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) used as the acetate or pamoate salts. By causing constant stimulation of the pituitary, it decreases pituitary secretion of gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Like other GnRH agonists, triptorelin may be used in the treatment of hormone-responsive cancers such as prostate cancer or breast cancer, precocious puberty, estrogen-dependent conditions (such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids), and in assisted reproduction. It is also used as therapy for gender identity disorder.

BAY 1214784是一种针对人促性腺激素释放激素受体(hGnRH-R)的高效、选择性口服活性拮抗剂，属于螺二氢吲哚衍生物化合物。该化合物能显著降低血浆促黄体激素水平，最高可达49%，同时显示出较低的药代动力学变异性和良好的耐受性，表现出研究子宫肌瘤的潜力。

Nafarelin is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) which acts as an analog of GnRH. Nafarelin increases the release of FSH and LH by the anterior pituitary, which in turn leads to an increase of estrogen progesterone. When administered, Nafarelin has the purpose of causing increase estrogen that will negatively feed back upon hypothalamus to decrease GnRH ( negative feedback loop ) Through negative feedback, Nafarelin causes a decrease in pituitary secretion of gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Nafarelin may be used in the treatment of estrogen-dependent conditions (such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids), to treat central precocious puberty, and to control ovarian stimulation in IVF. It is normally delivered via a nasal spray. Nafarelin acetate is marketed by Searle (now part of Pfizer) under the brand name Synarel.

Histrelin (Supprelin LA) 是促性腺激素释放激素 (GnRH) 的九肽类似物，具有增加的效力。它被认为是 GnRH 激动剂。 Histrelin 用于治疗对激素敏感的男性前列腺癌和女性子宫肌瘤。

Leuprolide (1-3) is a manufactured version of a hormone used to treat prostate cancer, breast cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and early puberty.

C16 globotriaosylceramide is an endogenous sphingolipid found in mammalian cell membranes that is synthesized from C16 lactosylceramide . C16 globotriaosylceramide acts as a receptor for Shiga toxin in B cell-derived Raji cells and THP-1 monocytes. It accumulates in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease. C16 globotriaosylceramide is also upregulated in plasma of patients with ovarian carcinoma compared to those with benign ovarian tumors or uterine fibroids.