ubiquitous

Gypsogenin-3-O-glucuronide (Methyl gypsogenin 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopy) 是一种皂角苷前体，普遍存在于满天星属植物中。

Coenzyme A 是所有活细胞中必需的辅助因子，由泛酸，三磷酸腺苷和半胱氨酸合成的。Coenzyme A 与过氧化物酶 5 共价结合导致其过氧化物酶活性完全抑制，通过 DTT 还原能够逆转。Coenzyme A 及其硫酯衍生物是主要分解代谢，合成代谢途径和基因表达调控的关键参与者。

1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine (1,2-DSPE) 是一种磷脂酸乙醇胺 (PE) ，能够用于合成脂质体。

Methyl isoeugenol 是一种天然的食用香精，占石竹叶香精油的 93.7%。该物种的叶子提取物用作镇静剂。作为一种无处不在的食品添加剂，MIE 在治疗情绪障碍方面的应用。

Choline hydroxide 是一种普遍存在的水溶性营养素，通常与 B 族维生素有关。

S-(5'-Adenosyl)-L-methionine tosylate (SAMe) 是一种普遍存在的甲基供体，参与多种生物反应，包括由 DNA 和蛋白质甲基转移酶介导的反应。它可改善抑郁、与骨关节炎和纤维肌痛相关的疼痛以及肝毒性。

Cyclic-di-GMP is a STING agonist and ubiquitous second messenger, which regulates the formation, motility and virulence of biofilms in various bacterial species.

1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (Palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine) 是生物膜的主要成分，是一种磷脂。它用于脂质体的制备以及脂质双层的特性的研究。

DBC是一种卤代烃，广泛应用于生物化学实验和药物合成研究。

Ademetionine (S-adenosylmethionine; SAMe) is a ubiquitous metabolite present in all cells and biological fluids, and serves as a methyl donor in a multitude of different methylation reactions involving proteins, phospholipids, catecholamines and DNA.

Alkaline phosphatase 是一种膜结合糖蛋白，在碱性条件下可催化磷酸单酯的水解。它可用于分子生物学和酶免分析。

Glutathione can occur in reduced (GSH), oxidized (GSSG), or in mixed disulfide forms and is ubiquitous in multiple biological systems serving as the major thiol-disulfide redox buffer of the cell. GSSG is the oxidized form of GSH . It can be reduced back to GSH through the NADPH-dependent enzyme glutathione reductase. GSSG functions as a hydrogen acceptor in the enzymatic determination of NADP+ and NADPH and can be a proximal donor in S-glutathionylation post translational modifications. The ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione within cells is often used as an indicator of oxidative stress, with higher concentrations of GSSG predicting increased oxidative stress.

The metallo-protein Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a ubiquitous enzyme responsible for scavenging superoxide radicals. Mutations in SOD1, which alter its metal binding capacity and can result in protein misfolding and aggregation, have been linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Cu-ATSM is an orally bioavailable, blood-brain barrier permeable complex that has traditionally been used in cellular imaging experiments to selectively label hypoxic tissue via its susceptibility to reduction by oxygen-depleted mitochondria. More recently, Cu-ATSM has been reported to improve locomotor function and survival in a transgenic ALS mouse model by delivering copper specifically to cells in the spinal cords of mice producing misfolded SOD1 proteins. Copper chaperone for SOD (CCS) is presumed to utilize the copper from Cu-ATSM to prevent misfolding of the SOD1 protein.

The A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs) are ubiquitous G protein-coupled receptors. The four AR subtypes have been implicated in several areas of therapeutic interest such as stroke and other ischemic conditions, as well as inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and sleep regulation. A3 AR antagonists are of interest as therapeutic agents in glaucoma agents and inflammation. CAY10498 is a potent and selective A3 AR antagonist exhibiting a Ki of 37 nM with 60 and 200-fold selectivity over A1 and A2A adenosine receptors, respectively. CAY10498 is also a structural analog of reversine, a dedifferentiation agent of embryonic progenitor cells. However, no dedifferentiation effects or any connection between A3 AR antagonism and dedifferentiation have been demonstrated.

S-Adenosyl-DL-Methionine (Ademetionine) 是一种 Ademetionine 的衍生物。其中Ademetionine 是蛋氨酸的中间代谢产物。

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl ditetradecanoate (DMPE) 是内源性代谢产物的一种。

PDE4-IN-12 是强效的、安全性良好的 PDE4 泛型抑制剂，能够作用于 PDE4 (IC50: 3.5 nM, SI: 2.71) 和 PDE7 (IC50: 15 nM, SI: 4.27)。PDE4-IN-12 能够用于研究炎症性肠病 (IBDs)。

Cyclic di-GMP sodium (c-di-GMP sodium) 是一种 STING 激活剂，也是一种无处不在的第二信使，具有调节生物膜的形成、运动和各种细菌的毒力的作用。

SLP120701 is a potent and selective sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a ubiquitous, endogenous small molecule that is synthesized by two isoforms of sphingosine kinase (SphK1 and 2). Intervention of the S1P signaling pathway has attracted significant attention because alteration of S1P levels is linked to several disease states including cancer, fibrosis, and sickle cell disease.

SLR080811 is a SphK inhibitor. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a ubiquitous, endogenous small molecule that is synthesized by two isoforms of sphingosine kinase (SphK1 and 2). Intervention of the S1P signaling pathway has attracted significant attention because alteration of S1P levels is linked to several disease states including cancer, fibrosis, and sickle cell disease.

VT-ME6 is a potent and selective sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor. VT-ME6, contained a quaternary ammonium group as a warhead and established that a positively charged moiety is necessary for engaging key amino acid residues in the enzyme binding pocket.13,14 This compound is moderately potent (Ki = 8 lM) and displays three-fold selectivity for SphK2 over SphK1. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a ubiquitous, endogenous small molecule that is synthesized by two isoforms of sphingosine kinase (SphK1 and 2). Intervention of the S1P signaling pathway has attracted significant attention because alteration of S1P levels is linked to several disease states including cancer, fibrosis, and sickle cell disease.

Carbonic anhydrase 是原核生物和真核生物中普遍存在的含锌金属酶。Carbonic anhydrase 可以催化二氧化碳可逆地转化为碳酸氢盐和质子。Carbonic anhydrase 可用于癌症、青光眼、肥胖症和癫痫症的研究。

Vitamin B15 (Pangamic Acid) hemicalcium 是一种自然存在于植物种子中的化合物，具有促进细胞呼吸的作用。它包含了D-葡萄糖基二甲基氨基乙酸，并可作为免疫校正剂。Vitamin B15 hemicalcium 在多种疾病研究中有应用。

SK-MLCK M13，作为具生物活性的肽类化合物，代表着钙调蛋白（CaM）靶标蛋白的CAM结合域，其中CaM为广泛存在的Ca2+结合蛋白。