termination

Carboprost (15(S)-15-Methyl Prostaglandin F2α) 是一种前列腺素 F2α 的代谢稳定的合成类似物。它能够刺激子宫收缩并引起流产，可用于子宫收缩乏力引起的产后出血，以及在妊娠中期终止妊娠。

Trans-​2-​Hexenal (trans-2-Hexenal) 是α,β-不饱和羰基化合物，可保护植物免受有害物质的侵害。

GJ071 oxalate 是一种无义抑制剂。无义抑制剂（NonSups）诱导“读出”，即在提前终止密码子处选择近同源tRNA，并将相应的氨基酸插入新生多肽中。

Patamostat (E-3123) mesylate 是一种组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)抑制剂。Patamostat mesylate 增加乙酰化的组蛋白和微管蛋白在肿瘤细胞中积累，促使细胞周期终止和细胞凋亡。Patamostat mesylate具有抗肿瘤活性，可用于研究多发性骨髓瘤。

Paromomycin Sulfate (Aminosidine sulfate) 是一种广谱氨基糖苷类抗生素 ，是具有杀螨杀菌作用的新霉素衍生物。它通过与细菌 30S 核糖体 A 位点的 RNA 寡核苷酸特异性结合，使 mRNA 的翻译提前终止，并抑制蛋白质合成。它可研究细菌和寄生虫感染。

BSJ-4-116 是一种高效的选择性 CDK12 降解剂，IC50 为 6 nM，是由 Cereblon 配体和 CDK 配体相连的 PROTAC。它通过提前终止转录来下调 DDR 基因，主要是通过增加聚腺苷酸化，具有抗增殖作用。

beta-L-D4A 是一种核苷类型的HIV-1逆转录酶抑制剂。

Galidesivir triphosphate is a substrate for viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP), resulting in termination of viral RNA replication and thus serves as an antiviral. Galidesivir triphosphate inhibits HCV NS5B RNA polymerase activity and protects mice against Ebola. Galidesivir triphosphate (Immucillin-A triphosphate) is converted by the prodrug Galidesivir.

ALS-8112 (ALS 008112) 是具有选择性和高效性的呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）聚合酶抑制剂，IC50值为0.02 μM。ALS-8112 具有抗病毒活性，通过 RNA 链终止抑制 RSV L-P 蛋白复合物的 RNA 聚合酶活性。ALS-8112 可用于研究呼吸道合胞病毒感染。

Gemcitabine elaidate (CP-4126) 是 Gemcitabine 的亲脂性前药。它通过酯酶转化为 Gemcitabine 以被磷酸化。它具有抗肿瘤活性。

Cymipristone, a progesterone receptor antagonist, is used potentially for termination of intrauterine pregnancy.

GJ-072 is a Nonsense suppressor. Nonsense suppressors (NonSups) induce “readthrough”, i.e., the selection of near cognate tRNAs at premature termination codons and insertion of the corresponding amino acid into nascent polypeptide.

RTC14, as a premature termination codon (PTC) readthrough inducer, can act by restoring dystrophin expression and improving muscle function in the mdx mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a thiol-sensitive zinc-metallopeptidase that acts as the major insulin-degrading protease in vivo, mediating the termination of insulin signaling. [1] In addition to regulating insulin action in diabetes pathogenesis, IDE plays a role in Varicella-Zoster virus infection and degradation of amyloid-β, a peptide implicated in Alzheimer's disease. ML-345 is a small molecule inhibitor that selectively targets cysteine819 in IDE with an EC50 value of 188 nM. [2] It demonstrates 10-fold selectivity for IDE over a panel of enzymes with reactive cysteine residues.[2] Reference：[1]. Maianti, J.P., McFedries, A., Foda, Z.H., et al. Anti-diabetic activity of insulin-degrading enzyme inhibitors mediated by multiple hormones. Nature 511(7507), 94-98 (2014).[2]. Bannister, T.D., Wang, H., Abdul-Hay, S.O., et al. ML345, a small-molecule inhibitor of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). 1 R03 DA024888-01 (MLSCN cycle 6), 1-41 (2014).

9-deoxy-9-methylene-16,16-dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 (Meteneprost) is a potent analog of prostaglandin E2 with an extended half-life in vivo. In combination with various other prostaglandin derivatives, it results in the termination of first trimester pregnancy in monkeys. A single intramuscular injection containing 0.5 mg of meteneprost and 7.5 mg of 17-phenyl trinor PGF1α is very effective in terminating early pregnancy. This prostaglandin mixture is ineffective on monkeys in their third trimester of pregnancy. Meteneprost, when compared to PGE2 and PGF1α, in monkey and rat, does not result in unwanted side effects such as fever or gastrointestinal problems.

NHC-triphosphate triammonium is an active phosphorylated intracellular metabolite of β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) as a triphosphate form[1]. NHC-triphosphate triammonium is a weak alternative substrate for the viral polymerase and can be incorporated into HCV replicon RNA[1][2]. In an intracellular metabolism assay, HCV replicon cells are treated with 10 μM 3H-labeled NHC, and intracellular nucleotide levels are determined after 1, 2 and 8 hours incubations. NHC is rapidly convered into the mono-, di-, and triphosphate forms, and NHC-TP reaches up to 71.12 pM after 8 hours[1].NHC-triphosphate triammonium (NHC-TP) (5-40 μM) absence leads to full-length polymerization products, it can be a weak alternative substrate. In addition, incorporation of NHC-TP instead of CTP increases the molecular weight of the polymerization product by 16 (one extra oxygen) for each event and an obvious electrophoretic shift is observed in cell-free HCV NS5B polymerization reactions[1].Huh-7 cells are incubated with (10-50 μM; 4 h) NHC or a McGuigan phosphoramidate prodrug of NHC. Intracellular levels of the parental compounds and phosphorylated metabolites are measured using LC-MS MS. Small amounts of NHC-monophosphate (MP) and NHC-diphosphate (DP) can be observed, while NHC-triphosphate triammonium remains the most abundant metabolite[2].NHC-triphosphate triammonium (NHC-TP) metabolite may directly target the viral polymerase and behave as a nonobligate chain terminator. It plays a prominent role in inhibiting early negative-strand RNA synthesis, either through chain termination or mutagenesis, which may in turn interfere with correct replicase complex formation. [1]. Stuyver LJ,et al. Ribonucleoside analogue that blocks replication of bovine viral diarrhea and hepatitis C viruses in culture.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Jan;47(1):244-54. [2]. Maryam Ehteshami, et al. Characterization of β-d- N4-Hydroxycytidine as a Novel Inhibitor of Chikungunya Virus.

Novel oxylipins, referred to as docosanoids, have been derived from C22polyunsaturated fatty acids 7(S),17(S)-dihydroxy-8(E),10(Z),13(Z),15(E),19(Z)-Docosapentaenoic acid (7(S),17(S)-hydroxy DPA) is a DPA-derived analog of the 17(S)-dihydroxy series of docosanoids known as protectins. Protectin D1, a DHA-derived dihydroxy fatty acid, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activities.1,2,3Potentially, 7(S),17(S)-hydroxy DPA demonstrates similar properties; however, its biological activity has yet to be determined. 1.Serhan, C.N., Gotlinger, K., Hong, S., et al.Anti-inflammatory actions of neuroprotectin D1 protectin D1 and its natural stereoisomers: Assignments of dihydroxy-containing docosatrienesJ. Immunol.176(3)1848-1859(2006) 2.Ariel, A., and Serhan, C.N.Resolvins and protectins in the termination program of acute inflammationTRENDS in Immunology28(4)176-183(2007) 3.Schwab, J.M., Chiang, N., Arita, M., et al.Resolvin E1 and protectin D1 activate inflammation-resolution programmesNature447(7146)869-874(2007)

Ensartinib(X-396)是一种有效和具有口服活性的ALK MET双重抑制剂，恩沙替尼可用于治疗ALK阳性的非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)。

KCa2 (small conductance Ca2+-activated potassium) channel negative allosteric modulator (IC50 = 1.1 μM). Increases the EC50 of Ca2+ on KCa2.3 channels by ~3-fold. Prolongs atrial effective refractory period (AERP) in rats. Reduces atrial fibrillation (AF) duration and prolongs atrial refractoriness without affecting ventricular refractory period in an animal AF model. Diness et al (2017) Termination of vernakalant-resistant atrial fibrillation by inhibition of small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in pigs. Circ.Arrhythm.Electrophysiol. 10 e005125 PMID:29018164 |Simó-Vicens et al (2017) A new negative allosteric modulator, AP14145, for the study of small conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa2) channels. Br.J.Pharmacol. 174 4396 PMID:28925012

Ribavirin-13C5is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of ribavirin by GC- or LC-MS. Ribavirin is an antiviral guanosine nucleoside analog.1,2Upon entry into cells, ribavirin is metabolized to an active triphosphate form that induces viral RNA chain termination and inhibits viral polymerases. It reduces replication in a panel of seven RNA and four DNA viruses in Vero cells (EC50s = 2-95 μg/ml).3Ribavirin also reduces replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Vero cells (EC50= 109.5 μM).4Aerosol administration of ribavirin (30 mg/kg) reduces mortality in a mouse model of influenza A infection.5Formulations containing ribavirin have been used in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and viral hemorrhagic fevers. 1.Gilbert, B.E., and Knight, V.Biochemistry and clinical applications of ribavirinAntimicrob. Agents Chemother.30(2)201-205(1986) 2.Gordon, C.J., Tchesnokov, E.P., Woolner, E., et al.Remdesivir is a direct-acting antiviral that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with high potencyJ. Biol. Chem.295(20)6785-6797(2020) 3.Kirsi, J.J., North, J.A., McKernan, P.A., et al.Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of 2-β-D-ribofuranosylselenazole-4-carboxamide, a new antiviral agentAntimicrob. Agents Chemother.24(3)353-361(1983) 4.Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., et al.Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitroCell Res.30(3)269-271(2020) 5.Wilson, S.Z., Knight, V., Wyde, P.R., et al.Amantadine and ribavirin aerosol treatment of influenza A and B infection in miceAntimicrob. Agents Chemother.17(4)642-648(1980)

EFdA-TP, a highly potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor, exerts its inhibitory effect on RT-catalyzed DNA synthesis through both immediate and delayed chain termination mechanisms, commonly referred to as ICT and DCT, respectively. Additionally, EFdA-TP demonstrates its efficacy in inhibiting HIV-1 RT through multiple pathways.

Tezacitabine 是一种抑制细胞生长和细胞毒性的抗代谢物。 Tezacitabine 是一种核苷类似物，具有双重作用机制。 Tezacitabine 不可逆地抑制核糖核苷酸还原酶，并可在复制或修复过程中掺入 DNA，导致 DNA 链终止。 Tezacitabine 在细胞周期的 G1 期和 S 期阻断肿瘤细胞并诱导凋亡细胞死亡。 Tezacitabine 具有治疗白血病和实体瘤的潜力[1][2]。

SRI-41315 是一种 eRF1 降解剂 ，可在核糖体解码中心充当分子胶。SRI-41315 诱导终止密码子的延长暂停，并抑制永生化和原代人支气管上皮细胞中与囊性纤维化相关的 PTC，恢复 CFTR 表达和功能。SRI-41315 通过降低终止因子 eRF1 的丰度来抑制 PTC。

SRI-37240是一种有效的提前终止密码子 (PTCs) 抑制剂，具有通读活性的，可诱导终止密码子处的长时间停顿，抑制与囊性纤维化相关的 PTC。SRI-37240 可用于研究与PTC 相关的疾病。