Equisetin, an N-methylserine-derived acyl tetramic acid isolated from the terrestrial fungus Fusarium equiseti NRRL 5537, functions as a Quorum-sensing inhibitor (QSI) that specifically attenuates QS-regulated virulence phenotypes in P. aeruginosa, presenting a potent lead for treating P. aeruginosa infections without hindering bacterial growth. This tetramate-containing natural product possesses antibiotic and cytotoxic properties, effectively inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and HIV-1 integrase activity, yet it does not impact Gram-negative bacteria.
YXL-13 is a highly effective inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1), with an IC50 value of 3.686 μM. It effectively hinders the expression of virulence factors and inhibits biofilm formation in PAO1. Moreover, YXL-13 significantly diminishes both the pathogenicity and drug resistance of PAO1 by inhibiting the quorum sensing (QS) system. Thus, YXL-13 holds great potential for studying antibacterial properties [1].