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Palmitic acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of palmitic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Palmitic acid is a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid. It comprises approximately 25% of human total plasma lipids.1 It increases protein levels of COX-2 in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 75 μM.2 Palmitic acid is involved in the acylation of proteins to anchor membrane-bound proteins to the lipid bilayer.2,3,4,5,6 |1. Santos, M.J., López-Jurado, M., Llopis, J., et al. Influence of dietary supplementation with fish oil on plasma fatty acid composition in coronary heart disease patients. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 39(1), 52-62 (1995).|2. Lee, J.Y., Sohn, K.H., Rhee, S.H., et al. Saturated fatty acids, but not unsaturated fatty acids, induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated through toll-like receptor 4. J. Biol. Chem. 276(20), 16683-16689 (2001).|3. Dietzen, D.J., Hastings, W.R., and Lublin, D.M. Caveolin is palmitoylated on multiple cysteine residues. Palmitoylation is not necessary for localization of caveolin to caveolae. J. Biol. Chem. 270(12), 6838-6842 (1995).|4. Robinson, L.J., and Michel, T. Mutagenesis of palmitoylation sites in endothelial nitric oxide synthase identifies a novel motif for dual acylation and subcellular targeting. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 92(25), 11776-11780 (1995).|5. Topinka, J.R., and Bredt, D.S. N-terminal palmitoylation of PSD-95 regulates association with cell membranes and interaction with K+ channel Kv1.4. Neuron 20(1), 125-134 (1998).|6. Miggin, S.M., Lawler, O.A., and Kinsella, B.T. Palmitoylation of the human prostacyclin receptor. Functional implications of palmitoylation and isoprenylation. J. Biol. Chem. 278(9), 6947-6958 (2003).

Palmitic acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of palmitic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Palmitic acid-13C contains 13C at the C2 position and has been used in the study of free fatty acid incorporation into phospholipid fatty acids in soil microbes.1 Palmitic acid is a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid. It comprises approximately 25% of human total plasma lipids.2 It increases protein levels of COX-2 in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 75 μM.3 Palmitic acid is involved in the acylation of proteins to anchor membrane-bound proteins to the lipid bilayer.3,4,5,6,7

Urocortin III is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin II , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Human urocortin III shares 90, 40, 37, and 21% identity to mouse urocortin III , mouse urocortin II , human urocortin , and mouse urocortin, respectively. Urocortin III selectively binds to type 2 CRF receptors (Kis = 21.7, 13.5, and >100 nM for rat CRF2α, rat CRF2β, and human CRF1, respectively). It stimulates cAMP production in CHO cells expressing rat CRF2α and mouse CRF2β (EC50s = 0.16 and 0.12 nM, respectively) as well as cultured anterior pituitary cells expressing endogenous CRF2β. Urocortin III is co-released with insulin to potentiate glucose-stimulated somatostatin release in vitro in human pancreatic β-cells.2 In vivo, urocortin III reduces food intake in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mice with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.3 nmol/animal.3 It increases swimming time in a forced swim test in mice, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4References1. Lewis, K., Li, C., Perrin, M.H., et al. Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7570-7575 (2001).2. van der Meulen, T., Donaldson, C.J., Cáceres, E., et al. Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion. Nat. Med. 21(7), 769-776 (2015).3. Pelleymounter, M.A., Joppa, M., Ling, N., et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III. Peptides 25(4), 659-666 (2004).4. Tanaka, M., Kádár, K., Tóth, G., et al. Antidepressant-like effects of urocortin 3 fragments. Brain Res. Bull. 84(6), 414-418 (2011). Urocortin III is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin II , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Human urocortin III shares 90, 40, 37, and 21% identity to mouse urocortin III , mouse urocortin II , human urocortin , and mouse urocortin, respectively. Urocortin III selectively binds to type 2 CRF receptors (Kis = 21.7, 13.5, and >100 nM for rat CRF2α, rat CRF2β, and human CRF1, respectively). It stimulates cAMP production in CHO cells expressing rat CRF2α and mouse CRF2β (EC50s = 0.16 and 0.12 nM, respectively) as well as cultured anterior pituitary cells expressing endogenous CRF2β. Urocortin III is co-released with insulin to potentiate glucose-stimulated somatostatin release in vitro in human pancreatic β-cells.2 In vivo, urocortin III reduces food intake in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mice with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.3 nmol/animal.3 It increases swimming time in a forced swim test in mice, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4 References1. Lewis, K., Li, C., Perrin, M.H., et al. Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7570-7575 (2001).2. van der Meulen, T., Donaldson, C.J., Cáceres, E., et al. Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion. Nat. Med. 21(7), 769-776 (2015).3. Pelleymounter, M.A., Joppa, M., Ling, N., et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III. Peptides 25(4), 659-666 (2004).4. Tanaka, M., Kádár, K., Tóth, G., et al. Antidepressant-like effects of urocortin 3 fragments. Brain Res. Bull. 84(6), 414-418 (2011).

CC260 is a selective PI5P4Kα and PI5P4Kβ inhibitor with Kis of 40 nM and 30 nM, respectively. CC260 does not inhibit or weakly inhibits other protein kinases, such as Plk1 and RSK2. CC260 can be used for cell energy metabolism, diabetes and cancer research[1]. In cultured C2C12 myotubes, CC260 (20 μM) enhances Insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation at both Thr-308 and Ser-473 but suppresses S6K phosphorylation (Thr-389) by mTORC1[1]. CC260 (2.5 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM, 20 μM) significantly increases phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in a dose-dependent manner[1]. CC260 treatment reduces the ability of BT474 cells to survive serum starvation, which could be rescued by expressing the PI5P4Kβ refractory mutant[1]. In BT474 cells, CC260 treatment causes an increase in glycolytic ATP production[1]. [1]. Song Chen, et al. Pharmacological inhibition of PI5P4Kα β disrupts cell energy metabolism and selectively kills p53- tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 May 25;118(21):e2002486118.

Urocortin II is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin III , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Mouse urocortin II shares 34 and 42% sequence homology with rat CRF and urocortin . It is expressed in mouse paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, and in motor nuclei of the brainstem and spinal ventral horn. Urocortin II selectively binds to CRF1 over CRF2 receptors (Kis = 0.66 and >100 nM, respectively) and induces cAMP production in CHO cells expressing CRF2 (EC50 = 0.14 nM). In vivo, urocortin II suppresses nighttime food intake by 35% in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 1 μg. Urocortin II (0.1 and 0.5 μg, i.c.v) stimulates fecal pellet output, increases distal colonic transit, and inhibits gastric emptying in mice.2References1. Reyes, T.M., Lewis, K., Perrin, M.H., et al. Urocortin II: A member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(5), 2843-2848 (2001).2. Martinez, V., Wang, L., Million, M., et al. Urocortins and the regulation of gastrointestinal motor function and visceral pain. Peptides 25(10), 1733-1744 (2004). Urocortin II is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin III , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Mouse urocortin II shares 34 and 42% sequence homology with rat CRF and urocortin . It is expressed in mouse paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, and in motor nuclei of the brainstem and spinal ventral horn. Urocortin II selectively binds to CRF1 over CRF2 receptors (Kis = 0.66 and >100 nM, respectively) and induces cAMP production in CHO cells expressing CRF2 (EC50 = 0.14 nM). In vivo, urocortin II suppresses nighttime food intake by 35% in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 1 μg. Urocortin II (0.1 and 0.5 μg, i.c.v) stimulates fecal pellet output, increases distal colonic transit, and inhibits gastric emptying in mice.2 References1. Reyes, T.M., Lewis, K., Perrin, M.H., et al. Urocortin II: A member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(5), 2843-2848 (2001).2. Martinez, V., Wang, L., Million, M., et al. Urocortins and the regulation of gastrointestinal motor function and visceral pain. Peptides 25(10), 1733-1744 (2004).

GLP-1 amide is a peptide hormone cleaved from proglucagon in the pancreas.1,2 Mice lacking the glucagon receptor (Gcgr- -) have approximately nine-fold higher levels of total GLP-1 amide, including GLP-1 (1-36) amide and truncated GLP-1 (7-36) amide , in pancreatic tissue compared to wild-type mice.2References1. Schjoldager, B.T., Mortensen, P.E., Christiansen, J., et al. GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) and truncated GLP-1, fragments of human proglucagon, inhibit gastric acid secretion in humans. Dig. Dis. Sci. 34(5), 703-708 (1989).2. Gelling, R.W., Du, X.Q., Dichmann, D.S., et al. Lower blood glucose, hyperglucagonemia, and pancreatic α cell hyperplasia in glucagon receptor knockout mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100(3), 1438-1443 (2003). GLP-1 amide is a peptide hormone cleaved from proglucagon in the pancreas.1,2 Mice lacking the glucagon receptor (Gcgr- -) have approximately nine-fold higher levels of total GLP-1 amide, including GLP-1 (1-36) amide and truncated GLP-1 (7-36) amide , in pancreatic tissue compared to wild-type mice.2 References1. Schjoldager, B.T., Mortensen, P.E., Christiansen, J., et al. GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) and truncated GLP-1, fragments of human proglucagon, inhibit gastric acid secretion in humans. Dig. Dis. Sci. 34(5), 703-708 (1989).2. Gelling, R.W., Du, X.Q., Dichmann, D.S., et al. Lower blood glucose, hyperglucagonemia, and pancreatic α cell hyperplasia in glucagon receptor knockout mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100(3), 1438-1443 (2003).

7-Methylguanosine 5’-diphosphate (7-Methyl-GDP) sodium, a cap analog, can be used in the synthesis of mRNA cap analogues[1]. 7-Methylguanosine 5’-diphosphate sodium inhibits binding of eukaryotic initiation factors to reovirus capped mRNA and complex formation involving uncapped mRNA or 18 S rRNA[1].T. brucei mRNA decapping enzyme (TbDcp2) that cleaves 7-Methylguanosine 5’-diphosphate sodium from capped RNA to generate pRNA, a substrate for TbCe1[2]. [1]. Sonenberg N, et al. Nonspecific effect of m7GMP on protein-RNA interactions. J Biol Chem. 1978;253(19):6630-6632.[2]. Ignatochkina AV, et al. The messenger RNA decapping and recapping pathway in Trypanosoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(22):6967-6972.

Lifastuzumab vedotin (DNIB0600A) 是一种抗体-药物偶联物（ADC），融合了人源化IgG1抗NaPi2b单克隆抗体（MNIB2126A）与抗有丝分裂剂单甲基auristatinE（MMAE），后者通过阻断微管蛋白聚合抑制细胞分裂。此化合物在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLCR）和铂耐药卵巢癌（PROC）的治疗研究中显示出应用潜力。