Naphazoline nitrate is an α1-Adrenergic receptor agonist. It also induces autophagy and necrotic cell death in erythroleukemia cells and inhibits erythroid differentiation. It used to treat congestion and ocular pathologies.
Methylatropine is an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (IC50= <0.1 nM in a radioligand binding assay using isolated porcine brain membranes) and a derivative of atropine .1,2It reduces acetylcholine-induced decreases in blood pressure in rats when administered intravenously with an ED50value of 5.5 μg/kg.2Methylatropine reduces salivation, induces mydriasis, and increases heart rate in dogs.3 1.Schmeller, T., Sporer, F., Sauerwein, M., et al.Binding of tropane alkaloids to nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptorsPharmazie50(7)493-495(1995) 2.Brezenoff, H.E., Xiao, Y.-F., and Vargas, H.A comparison of the central and peripheral antimuscarinic effects of atropine and methylatropine injected systemically and into the cerebral ventriclesLife Sci.42(8)905-911(1988) 3.Albanus, L.Central and peripheral effects of anticholinergic compoundsActa Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Copenh)28(4)305-326(1970)
PD153035 is a ATP-competitive EGFR inhibitor with an IC50 and Ki of 25 and 6 pM. PD153035 effectively blocks the enhancement of mitogenesis, induction of early gene expression, and oncogenic transformation that occur in response to EGF receptor stimulation. With human fibroblasts and epidermoid carcinoma cells, PD153035 at nanomolar concentrations rapidly inhibits EGFR autophosphorylation. With breast and ovarian cancer cells, PD153035 not only blocks cell growth via inhibition of EGFR, but also upregulates the expression of the tumor suppressor retinoic acid receptor-beta 2 (RAR-beta2).
Sildenafil nitrate is a selective inhibitor of PDE5 (type 5 cGMP phosphodiesterase) which catalyzes the hydrolysis of 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP).