mutagenesis

Sulfuretin 是竞争性单酚酶和二酚酶活性抑制剂，IC50=13.64 μM。它通过抑制NF-κB 通路来抑制炎症反应。 它可用于过敏性气道炎症的研究。它减少氧化应激、血小板聚集和诱变。

alpha-Hexylcinnamaldehyde是一种衍生自肉桂醛的化合物，具有潜在的抗诱变和化学增敏特性，被广泛用作许多个人护理品的成分，以及食品和制药行业的添加剂。

Acetylaminofluorene-dG is a carcinogenic adduct which covalently binds DNA bases and promotes mutagenesis near the adduct site.

KP-1212( SN-1212) is a nucleoside designed for the treatment of HIV by viral mutagenesis.

4-hydroxy Nonenal is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid and linoleic acid. [1] [2] It exhibits various biological activities such as cytotoxicity, growth inhibiting activity, genotoxicity, and chemotactic activity and has been widely used as a marker of lipid peroxidation.[1][2][3] 4-oxo-2-Nonenal is a more recently identified product of lipid peroxidation.[4][5][6] It actively modifies histidine and lysine residues on proteins and causes protein cross-linking. [7][8] 4-oxo-2-Nonenal also modifies 2’-deoxyguanosine, further implicating lipid peroxidation in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.[4]

Palmitic acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of palmitic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Palmitic acid is a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid. It comprises approximately 25% of human total plasma lipids.1 It increases protein levels of COX-2 in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 75 μM.2 Palmitic acid is involved in the acylation of proteins to anchor membrane-bound proteins to the lipid bilayer.2,3,4,5,6 |1. Santos, M.J., López-Jurado, M., Llopis, J., et al. Influence of dietary supplementation with fish oil on plasma fatty acid composition in coronary heart disease patients. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 39(1), 52-62 (1995).|2. Lee, J.Y., Sohn, K.H., Rhee, S.H., et al. Saturated fatty acids, but not unsaturated fatty acids, induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated through toll-like receptor 4. J. Biol. Chem. 276(20), 16683-16689 (2001).|3. Dietzen, D.J., Hastings, W.R., and Lublin, D.M. Caveolin is palmitoylated on multiple cysteine residues. Palmitoylation is not necessary for localization of caveolin to caveolae. J. Biol. Chem. 270(12), 6838-6842 (1995).|4. Robinson, L.J., and Michel, T. Mutagenesis of palmitoylation sites in endothelial nitric oxide synthase identifies a novel motif for dual acylation and subcellular targeting. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 92(25), 11776-11780 (1995).|5. Topinka, J.R., and Bredt, D.S. N-terminal palmitoylation of PSD-95 regulates association with cell membranes and interaction with K+ channel Kv1.4. Neuron 20(1), 125-134 (1998).|6. Miggin, S.M., Lawler, O.A., and Kinsella, B.T. Palmitoylation of the human prostacyclin receptor. Functional implications of palmitoylation and isoprenylation. J. Biol. Chem. 278(9), 6947-6958 (2003).

Palmitic acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of palmitic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Palmitic acid-13C contains 13C at the C2 position and has been used in the study of free fatty acid incorporation into phospholipid fatty acids in soil microbes.1 Palmitic acid is a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid. It comprises approximately 25% of human total plasma lipids.2 It increases protein levels of COX-2 in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 75 μM.3 Palmitic acid is involved in the acylation of proteins to anchor membrane-bound proteins to the lipid bilayer.3,4,5,6,7

NHC-triphosphate triammonium is an active phosphorylated intracellular metabolite of β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) as a triphosphate form[1]. NHC-triphosphate triammonium is a weak alternative substrate for the viral polymerase and can be incorporated into HCV replicon RNA[1][2]. In an intracellular metabolism assay, HCV replicon cells are treated with 10 μM 3H-labeled NHC, and intracellular nucleotide levels are determined after 1, 2 and 8 hours incubations. NHC is rapidly convered into the mono-, di-, and triphosphate forms, and NHC-TP reaches up to 71.12 pM after 8 hours[1].NHC-triphosphate triammonium (NHC-TP) (5-40 μM) absence leads to full-length polymerization products, it can be a weak alternative substrate. In addition, incorporation of NHC-TP instead of CTP increases the molecular weight of the polymerization product by 16 (one extra oxygen) for each event and an obvious electrophoretic shift is observed in cell-free HCV NS5B polymerization reactions[1].Huh-7 cells are incubated with (10-50 μM; 4 h) NHC or a McGuigan phosphoramidate prodrug of NHC. Intracellular levels of the parental compounds and phosphorylated metabolites are measured using LC-MS MS. Small amounts of NHC-monophosphate (MP) and NHC-diphosphate (DP) can be observed, while NHC-triphosphate triammonium remains the most abundant metabolite[2].NHC-triphosphate triammonium (NHC-TP) metabolite may directly target the viral polymerase and behave as a nonobligate chain terminator. It plays a prominent role in inhibiting early negative-strand RNA synthesis, either through chain termination or mutagenesis, which may in turn interfere with correct replicase complex formation. [1]. Stuyver LJ,et al. Ribonucleoside analogue that blocks replication of bovine viral diarrhea and hepatitis C viruses in culture.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Jan;47(1):244-54. [2]. Maryam Ehteshami, et al. Characterization of β-d- N4-Hydroxycytidine as a Novel Inhibitor of Chikungunya Virus.

Allixin is a phytoallexin found in garlic (Allium sativum) bulbs. Allixin has weak antimicrobial activity and exerts an anti-promoting activity against skin tumors induced by the chemical 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Allixin also demonstrates an inhibitory effect on aflatoxin B1-induced mutagenesis.

dITP trisodium salt (2'-Deoxyinosine-5'-triphosphate trisodium salt) 存在于超嗜热细菌 Thermotoga maritima 中，可在诱变PCR中用作突变试剂。

4-Oxo-2-nonanal (4-ONE) is a lipid peroxidation product that actively modifies histidine and lysine residues in proteins, leading to protein cross-linking, and alters 2'-deoxyguanosine, indicating its role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. 4-ONE alkyne, an alkyne-tagged electrophile, serves as a probe for isolating and identifying lipid peroxidation reaction products through click chemistry.

ARP (Aldehyde reactive probe) 是一种醛反应探针，用于通过生物素残基特异性标记 AP 位点来检测 DNA 中的脱碱基位点（这是一种常见的 DNA 损伤以及诱变和致癌的中间体）。ARP 具有极高的灵敏度，可以在每 10^4 核苷酸少于 1 个位点的情况下检测到飞摩尔级的脱碱基位点。