glucose-regulated

YUM70 是一种选择性葡萄糖调节蛋白 78 抑制剂，抑制全长蛋白的 GRP78 ATPase 活性的IC50值为 1.5 μM。它在胰腺癌中诱导内质网应激介导的细胞凋亡。

Grp94 Inhibitor-3 (Compound C6) 是一种具有 5.52 μM 亲和力的选择性葡萄糖调节蛋白 94 (Grp94) 抑制剂。该化合物在原发性开角型青光眼以及转移性癌症研究中展现出应用前景。

KUNG94 is a potent and selective inhibitor of Glucose regulated protein 94 (Grp94) (IC50 = 8 nM), the endoplasmic reticulum resident of the 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) family.

MitoPQ (MitoParaquat) 是一个线粒体靶向的小分子化合物。MitoPQ 选择性加强线粒体超氧化物和过氧化氢的含量，抑制胰岛素刺激的葡萄糖摄取和葡萄糖转运蛋白 4 (GLUT4） 向脂肪细胞和肌管中质膜的易位。MitoPQ 可用于研究线粒体氧化应激与调节的 GLUT4 转运。

Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are newly identified endogenous lipids regulated by fasting and high-fat feeding and associated with insulin sensitivity. Structurally, these esters are comprised of a C-16 or C-18 fatty acid (e.g., palmitoleic, palmitic, oleic, or stearic acid) linked to either a C-16 or C-18 hydroxy substituent. 12-PAHSA is a FAHFA in which palmitic acid is esterified at the 12th carbon of hydroxy stearic acid. Among the FAHFA family members, PAHSAs are the most abundant in the adipose tissue of glucose tolerant AG4OX mice, which overexpress the Glut4 glucose transporter specifically in adipose tissue. 12-PAHSA is present at 2- to 3-fold higher levels in adipose tissue of AG4OX mice compared to wild type mice. Levels of 12-PAHSA are also higher in fasted wild-type mice compared to fed mice and are reduced upon high-fat diet-induced obesity in insulin-resistant mice.

Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) are newly identified endogenous lipids regulated by fasting and high-fat feeding and associated with insulin sensitivity. Structurally, these esters are comprised of a C-16 or C-18 fatty acid (e.g., palmitoleic, palmitic, oleic, or stearic acid) linked to a hydroxylated C-16 or C-18 lipid. 9-PAHSA is a FAHFA in which palmitic acid is esterified to 9-hydroxy stearic acid. PAHSAs are the most abundant forms of FAHFA in serum as well as white and brown adipose tissues of glucose tolerant AG4OX mice, which overexpress Glut4 specifically in adipose tissue. 9-PAHSA is the predominant isomer of PAHSA in wild type and AG4OX mice. It is found in humans and is reduced in the serum and adipose tissues of insulin-resistant humans. 9-PAHSA improves glucose tolerance, stimulates insulin secretion, and has anti-inflammatory effects in mice.

Sodium palmitate-13C is the 13C-labeled variant of palmitic acid, a long-chain saturated fatty acid prevalent in animals and plants. This compound has been shown to induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in mouse granulosa cells.

Palmitic acid-13C16 sodium, a 13C-labeled form of the naturally occurring saturated fatty acid Palmitic acid sodium, is prevalent in animals and plants. This compound can trigger the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in mouse granulosa cells.

GNF2133 是一种有效的特异性 DYRK1A 抑制剂，IC50 为 6.2 nM。 GNF2133 可用于关于 1 型糖尿病的研究。

Palmitic acid-13C2 is the 13C-labeled Palmitic acid. Palmitic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in both animals and plants. Palmitic acid can induce the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in in mouse granulosa cells.

Avicularin (Fenicularin) 具有抗过敏、抗炎、保肝、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等活性。它能通过调节 NF-κB(p65)、COX-2 和 PPAR-γ 的活性来改善人类肝细胞癌。在 LPS 刺激的 RAW 264.7 巨噬细胞中，它通过抑制 ERK 信号通路产生抗炎活性。

Insulin Detemir 是一种长效合成胰岛素类似物，可通过增强胰高血糖素基因表达并激活 Akt-/ERK-依赖信号通路促进 GLP-1 分泌，从而有效调节血糖水平。Insulin Detemir被广泛应用于 2 型糖尿病研究，用于探索胰岛素信号传导、葡萄糖稳态及干预机制。

Palmitic acid calcium，一种长链饱和脂肪酸，广泛存在于动物和植物中。它能在小鼠颗粒细胞诱导葡萄糖调节蛋白78 (GRP78) 和CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白 (CHOP) 的表达，可用于建立细胞脂肪变性模型。

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-3-Octanoyl-rac-glycerol 是一种三酰基甘油，其结构特征在于 sn-1 和 sn-2 位置上连接有棕榈酸，在 sn-3 位置上连接有辛酸。棕榈酸，一种广泛存在于动植物体中的长链饱和脂肪酸，已知能够在小鼠颗粒细胞中诱导葡萄糖调节蛋白 78 (GRP78) 与 CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白 (CHOP) 的表达。辛酸，作为一种具有微弱腐臭味的油性液体，不仅应用于酯类香料与染料的制备中，还被认为是一种有效的震颤抑制剂。

4-Br-Bnlm 是葡萄糖调节蛋白 (Grp94) 的选择性抑制剂，EC50值为 0.96 µM。它能够减少突变心肌蛋白和野生型心肌蛋白在细胞中的错误折叠水平，并促进毒性心肌素的清除，从而降低心肌毒性。

Grp94 Inhibitor-2 (compound 23) 是一款具有高亲和力的环丙烷类似物,主要针对葡萄糖调节蛋白 94 (Grp94),其对 Grp94 和 Hsp90α 的 Kd 值分别为 0.48 µM 和 0.65 µM.

Palmitic acid-d2是Palmitic acid的氘代物。Palmitic acid是一种普遍存在于动物和植物中的长链饱和脂肪酸。它在小鼠颗粒细胞中可诱导葡萄糖调节蛋白78 (GRP78)和CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白 (CHOP)的表达。

Palmitic acid-d9是Palmitic acid的氘代物。Palmitic acid是一种在动物和植物中常见的长链饱和脂肪酸，可引起小鼠颗粒细胞中葡萄糖调节蛋白78 (GRP78) 和 CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白 (CHOP) 的表达。

Palmitic acid-d4-1 是 Palmitic acid 的氘代物。Palmitic acid 是动物和植物中常见的长链饱和脂肪酸。它可以诱导小鼠颗粒细胞中葡萄糖调节蛋白 78 (GRP78) 和 CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白 (CHOP) 的表达。

Palmitic acid-d31是Palmitic acid的氘代物，它是一种常见于动植物中的长链饱和脂肪酸。Palmitic acid可诱导小鼠颗粒细胞中葡萄糖调节蛋白78 (GRP78)和CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白 (CHOP)的表达。

Palmitic acid-13C16是一种13C标记的Palmitic acid，属于动物和植物中常见的长链饱和脂肪酸。它能够诱导小鼠颗粒细胞中葡萄糖调节蛋白78 (GRP78)和CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白 (CHOP) 的表达。

Palmitic acid-d17是Palmitic acid的氘代物。Palmitic acid是一种广泛存在于动植物中的长链饱和脂肪酸。Palmitic acid能够在小鼠颗粒细胞中诱导葡萄糖调节蛋白78 (GRP78)和CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CHOP)的表达。

Palmitic acid-d4是Palmitic acid的氘代物。Palmitic acid是一种普遍存在于动物和植物中的长链饱和脂肪酸。Palmitic acid通过诱导小鼠颗粒细胞表达葡萄糖调节蛋白78 (GRP78)和CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白 (CHOP)。

Palmitic acid-d1 是 Palmitic acid 氘代物。Palmitic acid 为动物和植物中常见的长链饱和脂肪酸。它能够诱导小鼠颗粒细胞中葡萄糖调节蛋白 78 (GRP78) 和 CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白 (CHOP) 的表达。