fabry disease

Ibiglustat (GZ402671) 是一种可透过血脑屏障的、具有口服活性的葡萄糖神经酰胺合成酶(GCS)抑制剂。它可用于戈谢病 3 型、法布瑞氏症、与 GBA 突变相关的帕金森病、GM2 神经节苷脂病和常染色体显性多囊肾病的研究。

Migalastat hydrochloride (GR181413A) 是一种可口服且具有有效和竞争性的 α-galactosidase A 抑制剂，可促进α-半乳糖苷酶A向溶酶体的运输，可用于研究法布里病。

Lucerastat（NBDGJ，芦舍司他）是一种口服的葡萄糖神经酰胺合酶（Glucosylceramide Synthase, GCS）的抑制剂，具有治疗法布里病的潜力。 ​GCS是鞘糖脂合成的关键酶，抑制其活性可减少有害底物的积累。

Globotriaosycleramides are glycosphingolipids found in mammalian cell membranes that are synthesized from lactosylceramides . They act as receptors for Shiga and Shiga-like toxins in vitro and in vivo. Globotriaosylceramides accumulate in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A. Globotriaosylceramides act as natural resistance factors to HIV infection, interacting with HIV gp120 to prevent its interaction with chemokine co-receptors and subsequent fusion of HIV to host cell membranes. This product contains a mixture of hydroxy fatty acid-containing globotriaosylceramides isolated from porcine red blood cells (RBCs).

Globotriaosycleramides are glycosphingolipids found in mammalian cell membranes that are synthesized from lactosylceramides . They act as receptors for Shiga and Shiga-like toxins in vitro and in vivo. Globotriaosylceramides accumulate in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A. Globotriaosylceramides act as natural resistance factors to HIV infection, interacting with HIV gp120 to prevent its interaction with chemokine co-receptors and subsequent fusion of HIV to host cell membranes. This product contains a mixture of hydroxy and non-hydroxy fatty acid-containing globotriaosylceramides isolated from porcine red blood cells (RBCs).

C16 globotriaosylceramide is an endogenous sphingolipid found in mammalian cell membranes that is synthesized from C16 lactosylceramide . C16 globotriaosylceramide acts as a receptor for Shiga toxin in B cell-derived Raji cells and THP-1 monocytes. It accumulates in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease. C16 globotriaosylceramide is also upregulated in plasma of patients with ovarian carcinoma compared to those with benign ovarian tumors or uterine fibroids.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-α-D-Galactopyranoside (4MU-α-Gal) (4-MU-α-Gal)是α-半乳糖苷酶的荧光底物。除了用于表征新的α-半乳糖苷酶外，4-MU-α-Gal 还用于评估与法布里病相关的α-半乳糖糖苷酶活性的缺乏。

Lyso-globotriaosylceramide is a form of globotriaosylceramide that is lacking the fatty acyl group. It binds to Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) in the presence of cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine but does not bind Stx2. It also reduces viability and aggregation of human neutrophils induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate when used at concentrations of 50 and 1 μM, respectively. Lyso-globotriaosylceramide accumulates in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen in a mouse model of Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A. It also accumulates in the urine, kidney, and plasma of patients with Fabry disease. Lyso-globotriaosylceramide levels decrease in response to administration of the α-galactosidase inhibitor 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin in a transgenic mouse model of Fabry disease. Decreases in plasma and urine concentrations of lyso-globotriaosylceramide have been used as a biomarker for efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and other therapies in the treatment of Fabry disease.

C17 Globotriaosylceramide is a sphingolipid that has been used as an internal standard for the quantification of globotriaosylceramides in plasma and urine from patients with Fabry disease by GC-MS.

C18 globotriaosylceramide is an endogenous sphingolipid found in mammalian cell membranes that is synthesized from lactosylceramide . It inhibits aggregation of human neutrophils induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 10008014) when used at a concentration of 1 μM. C18 globotriaosylceramide acts as a receptor for Shiga toxin in B cell-derived Raji cells and THP-1 monocytes. It accumulates in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen in a mouse model of Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A. C18 globotriaosylceramide also accumulates in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease.

C2 Adamantanyl Galactosylceramide (d18:1 2:0) (AdaGalCer) is a bioactive sphingolipid. It reduces globotriaosylceramide 3 synthesis from exogenous lactosylceramide in microsomes. AdaGalCer stimulates recombinant glucocerebrosidase activity in a pH-dependent manner. It activates glucocerebrosidase to decrease glucosylceramide accumulation in fibroblasts and lymphoblasts isolated from patients with Gaucher and Fabry disease, respectively.

Ibiglustat (Venglustat) succinate is an orally active, brain-penetrant inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS). It is utilized in the investigation of Gaucher disease type 3, Parkinson's disease associated with GBA mutations, Fabry disease, GM2 gangliosidosis, and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Sphinganine 1-phosphate (鞘氨醇-1-磷酸）是sphingolipid代谢途径中的一个中间产物，结构上和sphingosine相似。D-erythro-Dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate在小鼠中通过激活S1P1受体对肾脏和肝脏具有保护作用。在智人（Homo sapiens）中作为S1P4的激动剂，并且可能激活GPR63（G蛋白偶联受体），主要用于研究Fabry病，Gaucher病，Krabbe疾病和脑白质营养不良（Leukodystrophy）。