decomposition

Diazolidinyl urea (Germall II) 是一种甲醛释放防腐剂，用于化妆品和个人护理产品。它对大多数污染微生物，特别是假单胞菌都有效。

Cetyl glycol (NSC-71525) 有利于金属有机前体的分解、中间体 Co(2+)Fe(3+)-油酸配合物的形成以及纳米颗粒在较低温度下的成核。 Cetyl glycol 是一种可用于化妆品的还原剂。

D-(+)-Trehalose (Mycose) 来源于自Saccharomyces cerevisiae，常用作食品成分和药物赋形剂。

Diethyl fumarate 是农药马拉硫磷的分解产物。 Diethyl fumarate 会在皮肤上引起非免疫性接触性荨麻疹。

3-Pyridylacetic acid hydrochloride （3-PAA-HCl）尼克酸的高同系物，是尼古丁（和其它烟草生物碱）的分解产物，还可与胺、醇和羧酸等反应，也可在反应中作为酸催化剂。

3-Benzoylpyridine (Phenyl 3-pyridyl ketone) 是人体解毒剂 HGG-12的分解产物。

Tri-Salicylic acid 是一种和水杨酸具有相似性质的化合物。它对肥胖、炎症及心血管疾病具有潜在的研究价值。

Fe-TMPyP binds to the prion protein PrP and inhibits misfolding. Fe-TMPyP is also a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst.

Mn(III)TMPyP is a manganese-porphyrin which acts as a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic and peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst. SOD mimetics described to date are unstable and are capable of catalyzing undesired side-reactions in addition to the dismutation of the superoxide radical (O2-). Mn(III)TMPyP is an SOD mimetic with increased stability to pH and hydrogen peroxide. The rate constant for superoxide dismutation and peroxynitrite decomposition are 3.9 x 107 M-1s-1 and ~2 x 106 M-1s-1, respectively. Mn(III)TMPyP protected and enhanced the growth of SOD E. coli with a doubling time of 60 minutes (as compared to 240 minutes of the control) at 25 µM.

Peroxynitrite is a highly reactive nitrogen species formed from the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide.[1] FeTPPS is a ferric porphyrin complex that causes the decomposition of peroxynitrite by catalytic isomerization to produce nitrate both in vitro and in vivo. The conversion of this reactive nitrogen species to nitrate results in cytoprotection (EC50 = 5 µM). [2][3] FeTPPS does not complex with NO and does not alter superoxide directly. It is commonly used to elucidate the roles of peroxynitrite in oxidative stress, cell damage, and intracellular signaling. [4][5][6]

AAPH is a water-soluble azo compound which is used extensively as a free radical generator, often in the study of lipid peroxidation and the characterization of antioxidants.[1],[2],[3],[4] Decomposition of AAPH produces molecular nitrogen and 2 carbon radicals. The carbon radicals may combine to produce stable products or react with molecular oxygen to give peroxyl radicals. The half-life of AAPH is about 175 hours (37°C at neutral pH), making the rate of free radical generation essentially constant during the first several hours in solution.[5] While AAPH may be used effectively for lipid peroxidation in aqueous dispersions of fatty acids, other radical generators may be better suited for peroxidation studies in lipid micelles or membranes.[6],[7]

Suc-Leu-Tyr-AMC Acetate 在高浓度时抑制酪蛋白分解。

Polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonate and linoeate, while essential to health maintenance, are subject to random peroxidation by ambient oxygen, resulting in fragmented and reactive decomposition products. One prominent autoxidation product of either trilinolein or arachidonic acid is trans-4,5-epoxy-2(E)-decenal. One prominent autoxidation product of either trilinolein or arachidonic acid is trans-4,5-epoxy-2(E)-decenal. This aldehyde is responsible for a pungent metallic flavor of decomposed lipids, with a detection threshold of 1.5 pg/l in air.[1] trans-4,5-epoxy-2(E)-Decenal also reacts with nucleophiles (lysine amino groups) on proteins, leading to loss of cell function and viability.[2] This reactive aldehyde is therefore a useful tool in elucidating the effects of peroxidative damage in experimental models.

2,5-Deoxyfructosazine is a pyrazine derivative that can be found in cured tobacco and is used as a flavoring agent in the food and tobacco industry. Pyrazines, including 2,5-deoxyfructosazine, can be produced either by pyrolytic decomposition of natural compounds or by the reaction of sugars with alcoholic ammonia. 2,5-Deoxyfructosazine is also formed by the breakdown of D-glucosamine at neutral pH. Like glucosamine, 2,5-deoxyfructosazine has DNA strand breakage activity and strongly inhibits IL-2 production by Jurkat cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (IC50 = ~1.25 mM).

2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutane is a byproduct of the decomposition of Dicumylperoxide (DCP). It serves as an initiator for Diallyl orthophthalate (DAOP), a reactive plasticizer that is used to enhance the processing of polyphenylene oxide (PPO) in manufacturing.

HTS07545 是一种有效的硫化物:醌氧化还原酶抑制剂（IC50： 30 nM）。HTS07545 可降低硫化氢 (H2S) 的分解速率。HTS07545 可用于研究心力衰竭。

Aldolase 是一种糖酵解酶，也是 vATP 酶复合物的组成部分。Aldolase 可使 1，6-二磷酸果糖分解成二羟基丙酮和 3-磷酸甘油醛。

Superoxide dismutase（SOD，超氧化物歧化酶）是一种交替催化超氧化物阴离子自由基（O2-)歧化分解为O2和H2O2的酶，是一种重要的抗氧化防御机制，能有效地减少促炎细胞因子和抑制中性粒细胞向组织损伤部位的浸润。

XLR11, a synthetic cannabinoid (CB) featuring a tetramethylcyclopropyl group, exhibits enhanced affinity for the CB2 receptor, common among synthetic CBs for its receptor affinity. XLR11 degradant, a frequent impurity identified in GC-MS analysis of XLR11-containing samples, originates from the thermal decomposition of XLR11, leading to an opened ring structure. This change results in a distinct fragment ion in mass spectrometry, being 15 amu heavier than XLR11's base peak. Such a signature is indicative of a McLafferty rearrangement in the degradant, a reaction not observed in the parent compound.

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a primary enzymatic prostaglandin derived from PGH2 and is abundantly produced in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by the lipocalin-type PGD synthase, and peripherally by myeloid cells such as mast cells and basophils via a hematopoietic-type PGD synthase. PGD2 is chemically unstable and presents challenges for use and analysis due to its brief in vivo half-life. Δ12-PGD2, an initial decomposition product of PGD2, acts as an intermediate in the pathway to Δ12-PGJ2, a cyclopentenone prostaglandin known for its antimitotic and carcinogenic properties. The metabolism of Δ12-PGD2 involves the addition of thiol nucleophiles, a common pathway for many cyclopentenone prostaglandins.

1,3-Dilinoleoyl glycerol, a diacylglycerol, incorporates linoelaidic acid at both the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. This compound emerges from the collision-induced decomposition of synthetic linoleic ammoniated triglycerides.

Betalamic acid 是Centrospermae目植物中天然存在的一种重要中间体，是甜菜红色素betanin的分解产物。通过其与合成环多巴反应生成betanidin，以及与L-脯氨酸反应生成indicaxanthin，可以确认其存在。

Humic acid 是动植物遗骸经微生物分解形成的化合物，广泛存在于山河湖泊中。Humic acid 可增强分枝杆菌 NJS-1 对芘的降解。Humic acid 在高铁水平下抑制微囊藻的集落形成。

L-Hydroxy arginine dihydrochloride 是在 l-精氨酸的分解代谢中形成的稳定中间产物.