ATI-2341 is an effective functionally selective allosteric agonist for the c-x-c chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), which ACTS as a biased ligand in favor of G G G G G 1 activation instead of G G G G G 13.ATI-2341 activates the inhibitory heterotrimer G p
AMD-3329 hydrobromide is a biochemical in the class of potent and selective anti-HIV-1 and HIV-2 agents that inhibit virus replication by binding to the chemokine receptor CXCR4, the co-receptor for entry of X4 viruses.
AMD 3465 also potently inhibits the replication of X4 HIV strains (IC50: 1-10 nM). However, it has no effect on CCR5-using (R5) viruses. AMD 3465 (GENZ-644494) is a potent antagonist of CXCR4, inhibits binding of 12G5 mAb and CXCL12AF647 to CXCR4, with IC
Interleukin-2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase expressed in T cells, NKT cells and mast cells which plays a crucial role in regulating the T cell receptor (TCR), CD28, CD2, chemokine receptor CXCR4, and FcepsilonR-mediated signaling pathways. ITK inhibitors can be used for the treatment of inflammation and immune-mediated disorders. ITK inhibitor (N-[5-[[3-[(4-Acetylpiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl]-4-methyl-6-methoxy-phenyl]thio]thiazol-2-yl]-4-(N-1,2-dimethylpropylaminomethyl)benzamide) is the analogue of BMS-509744, which can potently and selectively inhibit Itk kinase activity. In vitro: BMS-509744 could reduce TCR-induced functions including PLCγ1 tyrosine phosphorylation, calcium mobilization, IL-2 secretion, and T-cell proliferation in vitro in both human and mouse cells [1]. In vivo: BMS-509744 suppressed the production of IL-2 induced by anti-TCR antibody administered to mice. BMS-509744 also significantly diminishes lung inflammation in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergy/asthma [1]. Clinical trial: Up to now, both BMS-509744 and ITK inhibitor is still in the preclinical development stage.
AMD-3451 free base is a dual CCR5 CXCR4 antagonist which may be useful in the treatment of a wide variety of R5, R5 X4, and X4 strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2. AMD3451 is the first low-molecular-weight anti-HIV agent with selective HIV coreceptor, CCR5 and CXCR4, interaction.
CXCR4 antagonist 8 (Compound 3) is a potent inhibitor of CXCR4. It demonstrates an IC50 value of 57 nM inCXCR4 antagonism. In addition, it effectively inhibits the increase in cytosolic calcium induced by CXCL12 with an IC50 value of 0.24 nM. Furthermore, Compound 3 shows efficacy in the inhibition of CXCL12 CXCR4-mediated cell migration [1].
KRH-1636 is an orally active, selective and extremely potent CXC chemokine receptor 4 antagonist. KRH-1636 exhibits a potent and selective anti-HIV-1 activity. KRH-1636 efficiently blocked replication of various T cell line-tropic (X4) HIV type 1 (HIV-1) in MT-4 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells through the inhibition of viral entry and membrane fusion via the CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)4 coreceptor but not via CC chemokine receptor 5. KRH-1636 also inhibits binding of the CXC chemokine, stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha, to CXCR4 specifically and subsequent signal transduction. KRH-1636 prevented monoclonal antibodies from binding to CXCR4 without down-modulation of the coreceptor. KRH-1636 seems to be a promising agent for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.
Mavorixafor trihydrochloride is a selective and orally available CXCR4 antagonist (IC50: 13 nM against CXCR4 125I-SDF binding) and also inhibits the replication of T-tropic HIV-1 (NL4.3 strain) in MT-4 cells and PBMCs (IC50s: 1 and 9 nM).