coffee

Norharmane (β-Carboline) 是一种有效的选择性单胺氧化酶 A (MAO-A) 抑制剂，Ki=3.34 μM。

Cafedrine (Cafedrin) 存在于茶叶和咖啡中，对中枢神经的兴奋作用。Cafedrine 常与可肾上腺素固定 20：1 组合来研究急性低血压。

Trigonelline (Trigenolline) 是一种大量存在于咖啡中的生物碱，具有潜在抗糖尿病活性。它是Nrf2抑制剂，可阻断 Nrf2 依赖的蛋白酶体活性，从而增强胰腺癌细胞凋亡。

Trigonelline chloride (Coffearine Hydrochloride) 是一种大量存在于咖啡中的生物碱，具有潜在抗糖尿病活性。它还具有抗HSV-1，抗菌和抗真菌活性。

1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene (Benzene-1,2,4-triol) 是咖啡豆烘焙的副产品，是在小鼠、阿拉伯咖啡中发现的。1,2,4-Trihydroxybenzene 是一种苯三醇， 它能增加大鼠胸腺淋巴细胞内的Ca2+浓度。

2-Ethylpyrazine 存在与烘焙后的咖啡豆中，是一种挥发性化合物 。2-Ethylpyrazine 通过内皮衍生的松弛因子的活动诱导血管舒张。2-Ethylpyrazine 通过内皮内皮NO 合酶的作用激活NO 合成。2-Ethylpyrazine 通过诱导NO 释放和增加外周血流量来诱导血管舒张。

2,3-Pentanedione 是一种食品添加剂， 也作为发酵产物自然存在于啤酒、葡萄酒和酸奶中，并在咖啡豆烘焙过程中释放。吸入2,3-Pentanedione 被认为是人严重呼吸道疾病（包括闭塞性细支气管炎）的原因。

5-Methylfurfural (5-Methyl-2-furaldehyde) 是一种天然存在的调味剂，存在于香烟烟雾凝结物，烤土豆粉，甘草精油，储存的脱水橙粉，挥发性化合物的烤牛肉，香气浓缩的海绵蛋糕，咖啡，面包，茶和可可种。

3-Feruloyl-4-caffeoylquinic acid 是一种绿原酸异构体。绿原酸是相关的咖啡品质标志、味道和香气前体以及重要的生物活性化合物。

2-Acetylpyrrole 是一种含氮杂环化合物，广泛存在于咖啡、茶叶、奶制品等食品的挥发油中，是美拉德褐变反应 (Maillard browning reaction) 的产物之一。2-Acetylpyrrole 也可作为中间体用于医药、香料和材料的合成。

4'-Hydroxy-3'-methylacetophenone 是从夏威夷生咖啡豆(Coffea Arabica L.)中分离得到的酚类挥发性天然产物。4'-Hydroxy-3'-methylacetophenone 是有机合成核心中间体，可用于构建具有抗分枝杆菌活性的杂环化合物。

Triazophos 是一种用于控制多种土壤昆虫和螨虫的非系统性杀虫杀螨剂，包括蚜虫、蓟马、蠓、甲虫、鳞翅目幼虫、地老虎和红蜘蛛。作为乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE) 抑制剂，它能与乙酰胆碱的结合位点共价结合并不可逆地影响，阻止乙酰胆碱的分解，从而增强兴奋性。适用于观赏植物、棉花、水稻、玉米、大豆、油棕、橄榄和咖啡等多种作物的防治工作。

Pyrocatechol sulfate 是一种在人体血浆中发现的酚类代谢物，与摄入浆果等特定食物及肠道菌群状态有关。该化合物可能用作监测肾功能、透析清除率、全谷物与常规咖啡的摄入量的尿液生物标记。同时，Pyrocatechol sulfate 与其他酚类硫酸盐共同参与调节多种生物学功能，这些功能涉及大脑健康与心肌细胞的节律性跳动。

2-Acetyl-5-methylthiophene is a component of coffee aroma.

2,4,5-Trimethyloxazole (2,4,5-三甲基噁唑) 是一种杂环芳香化合物（取代噁唑），以其风味特性著称，存在于咖啡、可可和烤花生等食品中，并作为调味剂应用于肉类、烘焙和汤类产品。

Harmane (Loturine) 是一种在咖啡和烟草烟雾中发现的 β-咔啉生物碱，是有效的神经毒素，可引起严重的动作震颤和精神病学表现。它还是选择性的单胺氧化酶抑制剂，具有致突变作用，对 MAO A/B 的 IC50值分别为 0.5 和 5 μM。

Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Val) is a metabolite of the sponge bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. NJ6-3-1 that can autoinduce production of antibacterial substances active against S. aureus when co-cultured at a low cell density. It induces neurite outgrowth and branching of chick cortical neurons in vitro when used at concentrations of 16 and 32 μM. It increases phosphorylation of the PI3K substrate Akt, and neurite outgrowth induced by cyclo(L-Phe-L-Val) can be blocked by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 . Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Val) enhances axon sprouting of calcitonin gene-related protein positive (CGRP+) primary afferents in the spinal cord following crush injury and of serotonin neurons in uninjured spinal cord. Cyclo(L-Phe-L-Val) is also a bitter taste component of cocoa and roasted coffee.

Atractyloside A 是存在于一些植物中的贝壳杉类二萜糖苷，具有降血压、降血糖、抗肿瘤等活性。

Kahweol Acetate is a semi-synthetic derivative of kahweol, a natural product found in coffee beans. It exhibits a wide variety of biological activities, including inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast generation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, preventing aflatoxin B1 induced DNA adduct formation, and suppressing H2O2-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Kahweol palmitate is a semi-synthetic derivative of kahweol, a natural product found in coffee beans. It exhibits a wide variety of biological activities, including inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast generation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, preventing aflatoxin B1-induced DNA adduct formation, and suppressing H2O2-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Kahweol stearate is a semi-synthetic derivative of kahweol, a natural product found in coffee beans. It exhibits a wide variety of biological activities, including inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast generation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, preventing aflatoxin B1-induced DNA adduct formation, and suppressing H2O2-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Kahweol oleate is emi-syntetic derivative of kahweol, a natural product found in coffee beans. It exhibits a wide variety of biological activities, including inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast generation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, preventing aflatoxin B1 induced DNA adduct formation, and suppressing H2O2-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.

Kahweol linoleate is a semi-syntetic derivative of kahweol, a natural product found in coffee beans. It exhibits a wide variety of biological activities, including inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast generation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, preventing aflatoxin B1 induced DNA adduct formation, and suppressing H2O2-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.

16-O-Methylcafestol为咖啡醇衍生物，可自生咖啡豆中提取。