Chloramphenicol stearate is an antibiotic useful for the therapy of numbers of bacterial infections. This includes an eye ointment to treat conjunctivitis.
Chloramphenicol acetate, an acetylated and inactive derivative of chloramphenicol, is synthesized in E. coli and S. aureus through the action of the inducible enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, utilizing acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), to impart resistance to chloramphenicol. This compound exhibits no antibiotic activity against S. sonnei in turbidimetric assays.
Corynecin I is a chloramphenicol-like antibiotic originally isolated from Corynebacterium. It is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with MIC values of 5.2-83 μg/ml for S. sonnei, P. vulgaris, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus among others.
Levomecol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from Streptomyces venezuelae, comprises Chloramphenicol and Methyluracil. It exerts its bacteriostatic effect by binding to the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis by blocking peptidyl transferase.
Bromamphenicol is a dibrominated derivative of the antibiotic chloramphenicol. It inhibits rat liver mitochondrial and E. coli protein synthesis by 90.6 and 98.8%, respectively, when used at a concentration of 93 μM, and inhibits DNA synthesis in human lymphoblastoid cells by 83% at 1 mM. Bromamphenicol can also bind to the major adhesin subunit DraE from E. coli.
Corynecin III is a chloramphenicol-like antibiotic originally isolated from Corynebacterium. It inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including S. faecalis, S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. vulgaris, S. sonnei, S. typhosa, and K. pneumoniae (MICs = 2.6-83 μg ml).
Furalazine is an antimicrobial agent. Furalazine was more effective in reducing the duration of positive stool culture than chloramphenicol. It may be potentially used in the treatment of cholera.