chickens

Nicarbazin (Nicoxin) 是一种禽用抗球虫剂。

Type II collagen (from chicken sternal cartilage)是一种提取自鸡胸骨软骨的免疫级别胶原蛋白，能够激发动物免疫系统产生针对该胶原蛋白的特异性抗体。此外，这种胶原蛋白也是MMP的水解底物。

Gizzerosine 2HCl是鱼粉热处理过程中产生的一种物质，可诱导的肉鸡雏鸡组织病理学病变，可提高离体鸡原产鸡的细胞内环腺苷-3'，5'-单磷酸水平。

TMTD（Tetramethylthiuram disulfide）通过降低肝脏指数，减少鸡的生长性能，同时使肾脏、心脏和脾脏指数升高。此外，TMTD还会通过调节VEGF、HIF-1α和WNT4的表达来诱发胫骨软骨发育不良（TD）。作为橡胶加工中的超促进剂，TMTD在低温硫化过程中发挥重要作用，并且是农业中一种关键的农药。

Buquinolate (Bonaid TM) 是一种用于家禽的抗球虫剂，用药后的鸡可以产生更高水平的产蛋量和体重增加。它不会干扰对球虫的免疫力的形成。

Aflatoxin B2-13C17(AFB2-13C17) is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of AFB2by GC- or LC-MS. AFB2is a mycotoxin that has been found inA. terricola.1It induces hepatic autophagy and apoptosis in broiler chickens when administered at doses of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg kg.2AFB2(0.5 and 1 mg animal) also induces parenchymal cell hyperplasia in rats.3 1.Moubasher, A.H., el-Kady, I.A., and Shoriet, A.Toxigenic Aspergilli isolated from different sources in EgyptAnn. Nutr. Aliment.31(4-6)607-615(1977) 2.Chen, B., Li, D., Li, M., et al.Induction of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and PI3K Akt mTOR-mediated autophagy by aflatoxin B2 in hepatocytes of broilersOncotarget7(51)84989-84998(2016) 3.Wogan, G.N., Edwards, G.S., and Newberne, P.M.Structure-activity relationships in toxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxins and analogsCancer Res.31(12)1936-1942(1971)

Avilamycin A is an antibiotic.1 It is active against veterinary isolates of C. perfringens (MICs = ≤0.06-0.5 mg/L) and B. hyodysenteriae (MICs = 12.5-100 μg/ml).1,2 Dietary administration of avilamycin A (15 and 30 ppm) reduces mortality in a broiler cockerel model of C. perfringens infection.3 Formulations containing avilamycin A have been used in the prevention of necrotic enteritis in livestock. |1. Watkins, K.L., Shryock, T.R., Dearth, R.N., et al. In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens from commercial turkey and broiler chicken origin. Vet. Microbiol. 54(2), 195-200 (1997).|2. Uezato, K., Kinjo, E., and Adachi, Y. In vitro susceptibility of 21 antimicrobial agents to 37 isolates of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae isolated from pigs in Okinawa Prefecture. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66(3), 307-309 (2004).|3. Paradis, M.A., McMillan, E., Bagg, R., et al. Efficacy of avilamycin for the prevention of necrotic enteritis caused by a pathogenic strain of Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol. 45(3), 365-369 (2016).

Phenelfamycin E is an antibiotic originally isolated from Streptomyces. It is active against β-hemolytic Streptoccus, S. pneumoniae, C. difficile, C. perfringens, and P. magnus128 μg/ml). Phenelfamycin E (4-64 mg/kg) increases survival in a mouse model of lethal S. pyogenes infection in a dose-dependent manner. Dietary administration of phenelfamycin E increases body weight in chickens.

Furaltadone L-tartrate (Altafur L-tartrate), a nitrofuran antimicrobial agent, is potentially useful for researching Salmonella enteritidis infections in chickens. It demonstrates both inhibitory and bactericidal properties against Staphylococci in vitro.

Furaltadone 是一种硝基呋喃类药物，具有用于鸡感染肠炎沙门氏菌的潜力。Furaltadone 在体外对葡萄球菌具有抑制和杀菌作用。

LH-RH II (chicken) 为家鸡下丘脑黄体生成素释放激素(LHRH)两种形式之一，亦为哺乳动物LHRH的结构变体。该化合物促进家鸡促性腺激素释放。

Bursin, 一种从鸡的法氏囊中提取的多肽,能够促进哺乳动物和鸟类B前体细胞的表型分化.此外,Bursin还能提升人类B细胞系Daudi细胞中的单磷酸环鸟苷水平.