bradykinin (1 3)

Bradykinin (1-3) is a fragment of Bradykinin, which activates pain receptors.

Artemitin (Erianthin) 是一种存在于翼齿六棱菊中的天然黄酮，具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗病毒活性。

EDHF (endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor) is an unidentified mediator released from vascular endothelial cells in response to acetylcholine and bradykinin which is distinct from the NOS- (nitric oxide) and COX-derived (prostacyclin) vasodilators.[1],[2]Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids produces epoxides such as (±)14(15)-EET which are prime candidates for the actual active mediator.[3] However, the CYP450 metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid have been little studied relative to arachidonate epoxygenase metabolites. (±)16(17)-EpDPA is the DHA homolog of (±)14(15)-EpETrE, derived via epoxidation of the 16,17-double bond of DHA. The EDHF activity of (±)16(17)-EpDPA has not yet been determined. The epoxygenase metabolites of DHA have also been detected in a mouse inflammation model.[4]

Zofenoprilat是一种血管紧张素转换酶(ACE; IC50 = 8 nM for the rabbit lung enzyme)的抑制剂，同时也是前体药zofenopril的活性代谢产物。它能够抑制分离的豚鼠小肠中由血管紧张素I或缓激肽诱导的收缩(EC50s = 3 and 1 nM, respectively)。在人类脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)中，Zofenoprilat (10 nM)降低基础内皮素-1分泌和一氧化氮(NO)生成，并阻止TNF-α诱导的活性氧种(ROS)增加以及谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平降低。Zofenoprilat (10 µM)保护初级人类心脏微血管内皮细胞免受多柔比星诱导的细胞毒性。此外，Zofenoprilat (10 µM)还能增加HUVECs中的硫化氢(H2S)生成，以及细胞的黏着、迁移和增殖。在以400 µM浓度使用时，它可以减少Langendorff分离的大鼠心脏灌流缺血再灌注损伤模型中的舒张末压和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放。