bee

Spirostan-3-ol (Sarsaponin) 是 Sarsasapogenin 的立体异构体，是从植物材料中分离出来的类固醇糖苷，具有潜在的通过细胞凋亡的抗肿瘤活性。它可驱赶蜜蜂。

Royal Jelly acid (Queen Bee Acid) 是一种蜂王浆中的主要脂肪酸，可促进神经元的生长和保护，减少焦虑。

Bebeerine 是一种有用的有机化合物，可用于生命科学领域的相关研究，其产品编号为 T131610。

Beesioside Q 是从铁破锣 Beesia calthaefolia (Maxim.) Ulbr 的根茎中提取出来的天然产物。

Beefy meaty peptide is a bioactive chemical.

Beef Heart Infusion 是一种非选择性的微生物培养基配方，提供微生物生长所需的营养物质，可用于微生物培养、转种和复壮等。

Beef extract 是常用于制备生物培养基的成分。

Melittin 是 PLA2激活剂，能够刺激低分子量 PLA2的活性，而不刺激高分子量 PLA2的活性。

Apamin acetate (Apamine acetate) 是一种具有选择性的 Ca2+ 激活的 K+ (SK) 通道的阻断剂，是在蜂毒素中发现的一种 18 个氨基酸的肽类神经毒素。Apamin acetate 可增强皮质神经元撕裂损伤后的神经突生长和再生。Apamin acetate 具有抗炎和抗纤维化的作用。

Luffariellolide 是一种从海洋海绵 Hyrtios communis中获取的萜烯化合物，是人滑膜蛋白磷脂酶A2 (HSF-PLA2) 抑制剂，也是视黄酸受体（RAR） 激动剂。Luffariellolide 抑制缺氧 （1% O2） 诱导的 HIF-1 激活，抑制细胞生长。

Cajucarinolide is a clerodane diterpene. It inhibits bee venom phospholipase A2 in vitro. Cajucarinolide possesses anti-inflammatory activity.

Fluvalinate is a synthetic chemical compound and can be commonly used to control varroa mites in honey bee colonies.

Hexyl decanoate, the first trail pheromone compound identified in a stingless bee, Trigona recursa. Hexyl decanoate is dominant component of gland secretions.

τ-Fluvalinate is a pyrethroid acaricide.1It induces tail currents in Western honeybee (A. mellifera) voltage-gated sodium channels (AmNav1) expressed inXenopusoocytes (EC50= 60 nM). It also induces tail currents in honeybee parasitic Varroa mite (V. destructor) Nav1 channels (VdNav1) expressed inXenopusoocytes (EC50= 160 nM) with a faster tail current decay than that of AmNav1 channels. Topical application of τ-fluvalinate (2 μl) in combination with coumaphos , atrazine , 2,4-DMPF, chlorpyrifos , and chlorothalonil does not affect honeybee queen mass, egg-laying patterns, or the mass of daughter worker bees at emergence.2Formulations containing τ-fluvalinate have been used to control Varroa mites in beehives. 1.Gosselin-Badaroudine, P., and Chahine, M.Biophysical characterization of the Varroa destructor NaV1 sodium channel and its affinity for τ-fluvalinate insecticideFASEB J.31(7)3066-3071(2017) 2.McAfee, A.Honey bee queen health is unaffected by contact exposure to pesticides commonly found in beeswaxSci. Rep.11(1)15151(2021)

(9Z)-Tricosene is a pheromone released by insects, including D. melanogaster, M. domestica (house fly), and A. mellifera L. (honey bee). In Drosophila, it induces aggregation behavior and is an oviposition guidance cue for females. Due to its aggregation-inducing activity, it is used as a bait pesticide to attract insects to traps. The mechanism of action in Drosophila is the activation of antennal basiconic Or7a receptors. It is also highly produced by honey bees during the waggle dance, which is a complex communication process used to alert nest-mates of the location and profitability of a food source. When injected into a hive, (9Z)-tricosene induced foraging behavior.

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) species are a common class of phospholipids that comprise the mammalian cell membrane. 1,2-Dioctanoyl PC is a synthetic analog of natural phosphatidylcholine species containing saturated C8:O fatty acids in the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of the glycerol backbone. It exhibits a critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of 0.25 mM at 27°C. 1,2-Dioctanoyl PC serves as an efficient substrate for phospholipase D (PLD) as well as sPLA2 isozymes from bovine pancreas and bee venom.

Thioester analogs of glycerophospholipids, in combination with Ellman's reagent, are convenient colorimetric substrates for the measurement of phospholipase (PL) activity. Palmitoyl thio-PC is a chromogenic PLA2 substrate that contains a palmitoyl thioester at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. Hydrolysis of the thioester by PLA2 yields a free thiol that reacts readily with DTNB (Ellman's reagent) giving a bright yellow product with an absorbance maximum at 412 nm. Palmitoyl thio-PC has been used to measure bee venom sPLA2 activity in a phospholipid:Triton X-100 mixed micelle system.

Cecropin A (1-7)-Melittin A (2-9) 为一种具抗菌效能的肽，对广谱革兰氏阳性及革兰氏阴性需氧菌显示出显著的抗菌活性，同时展现出抗疟能力，而无蜂毒肽所致的不良溶血现象。

MCF为源自蜂毒的抗菌肽，对E.coli W 160-37、S.aureus 8530及B.subtilis展现出抗菌活性，其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值分别为E.coli W 160-37为35-45 μg ml，S.aureus 8530为25-35 μg ml，及B.subtilis为15-25 μg ml。

Melittin (C-Term Cysteine labeled) TFA 是有细胞毒性蜂毒肽蜂毒肽 melittin， 在 C 端有一个半胱氨酸残基。Melittin (C-Term Cysteine labeled) TFA 可用于膜裂解聚合物的合成。

Formic acid-d2 是 Formic acid 的氘代化合物。Formic acid 的 CAS 号为 64-18-6。Formate 是最简单的羧酸，含有一个碳。天然存在于各种来源，包括蜜蜂毒液和蚂蚁叮咬，是一种有用的有机合成试剂。

(2S,3S,4R,2'R )-2-(2'-Hydroxytetracosanoylamino) octadecane-1,3,4-triol at concentration of 100 ug/mL shows selectively inhibitory activity against phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2) secreted from Crotalus adamenteus venom, but inactive against PLA 2 of bee venom

The use of costic acid and other components from the plant Dittrichia viscosa (Greek: aconiza) and related species for the preparation of acaricidal products used against the acari Varroa destructor as parasite of the honey bee.

Masticadienolic acid is a specific competitive inhibitor of secreted phospholipase A2, it not only protects the active site histidine from alkylation but also inhibits the action of secreted from pancreas, synovial fluid, and bee venom. Masticadienolic ac