b-toxin

Tabtoxin is a dipeptide containing tabtoxinine-beta-lactam with threonine.

Sarafotoxin S6d (STX-b) 为从以色列沙蚺毒液中提取的多肽毒素。该物质能引起包括心肌缺血和高钾血症在内的多种 Electrocardiogram (ECG) 变化。此外，Sarafotoxin S6d 在大鼠主动脉中能够引发依赖于细胞外钙离子的强烈血管收缩作用，并在大鼠心房展现出正性肌力效果。该化合物被广泛用于心血管疾病的研究领域。

CTB (Cholera Toxin B subunit) 是一种 p300 组蛋白乙酰转移酶的激活剂，可诱导 MCF-7 细胞凋亡。

C16 globotriaosylceramide is an endogenous sphingolipid found in mammalian cell membranes that is synthesized from C16 lactosylceramide . C16 globotriaosylceramide acts as a receptor for Shiga toxin in B cell-derived Raji cells and THP-1 monocytes. It accumulates in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease. C16 globotriaosylceramide is also upregulated in plasma of patients with ovarian carcinoma compared to those with benign ovarian tumors or uterine fibroids.

C18 globotriaosylceramide is an endogenous sphingolipid found in mammalian cell membranes that is synthesized from lactosylceramide . It inhibits aggregation of human neutrophils induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 10008014) when used at a concentration of 1 μM. C18 globotriaosylceramide acts as a receptor for Shiga toxin in B cell-derived Raji cells and THP-1 monocytes. It accumulates in the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and spleen in a mouse model of Fabry disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme α-galactosidase A. C18 globotriaosylceramide also accumulates in endothelial cells, pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, renal epithelial cells, dorsal ganglia neuronal cells, and myocardial cells in patients with Fabry disease.

CD31 (PECAM-1)，一种血小板内皮细胞粘附分子（platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1），兼作产气荚膜梭菌b-Toxin (CPB) 的特异性内皮细胞受体。同时，CD31为ER-MP12抗原，桥接机械应力、代谢与炎症。其肽通过维持CD31 ITIM686与SHP2的磷酸化，抑制TCR诱导的T细胞激活。

Botulinum toxin type B是用于颈部肌张力障碍研究的抗原特异性肉毒毒素。该毒素为厌氧细菌肉毒梭菌产生的外毒素，其机制是通过抑制乙酰胆碱在神经肌肉接头的释放，从而导致注射部位肌肉的松弛性麻痹或减弱。

ATPase-IN-2 is a compound that acts as an inhibitor of ATPase, with an IC50 value of 0.9 μM. It also inhibits the glycohydrolase activity of C. difficile toxin B (TcdB) with an AC50 value of 30.91 μM. ATPase-IN-2 is commonly utilized in ATP-related research [1].

Cytochalasin A is a cell-permeable fungal toxin and is an oxidized derivative of cytochalasin B. Cytochalasin A is an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease (IC50 = 3 μM), inhibits actin polymerization and interferes with microtubule assembly by reacting with sulfhy

Pumiliotoxins (PTXs), are one of several toxins found in the skin of poison dart frogs. There are three different types of this toxin: A, B and C, of which toxins A and B are more toxic than C. Pumiliotoxins interfere with muscle contraction by affecting

Eremofortin B是倍半萜类化合物，由Penicillium roqueforti PR毒素（PRT）合成。

CD31 TFA（PECAM-1），血小板内皮细胞粘附分子（platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1），是产气荚膜梭菌b-Toxin (CPB)内皮细胞特异性受体，亦为ER-MP12抗原，链接机械应力、代谢与炎症。该肽通过维持CD31 TFA ITIM686与SHP2的磷酸化，抑制TCR诱导的T细胞活化。

β-Defensin-1 is a peptide with antimicrobial properties that protects the skin and mucosal membranes of the respiratory, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts.1It inhibits the growth ofB. adolescentis,L. acidophilus,B. breve,B. vulgatus,L. fermentum,B. longum, andS. thermophilusin an antimicrobial radial diffusion assay.2β-Defensin-1 also inhibits the growth of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria, includingP. gingivalisandS. salivarius, and of susceptibleM. tuberculosisH37Rv but not of resistantM. tuberculosisRM22 when used at a concentration of 128 μg/ml.3,4It blocks human and mouse Kv1.3 voltage-gated potassium channels (IC50s = 11.8 and 13.2 μM, respectively).5Overexpression of β-defensin-1 in the human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines HSC-3, UM-1, and SCC-9 increases migration and invasion but not proliferation.6 1.Lehrer, R.I.Primate defensinsNat. Rev. Microbiol.2(9)727-738(2004) 2.Schroeder, B.O., Ehmann, D., Precht, J.C., et al.Paneth cell α-defensin 6 (HD-6) is an antimicrobial peptideMucosal Immunol.8(3)661-671(2015) 3.Ouhara, K., Komatsuzawa, H., Yamada, S., et al.Susceptibilities of periodontopathogenic and cariogenic bacteria to antibacterial peptides, β-defensins and LL37, produced by human epithelial cellsJ. Antimicrob. Chemother.55(6)888-896(2005) 4.Fattorini, L., Gennaro, R., Zanetti, M., et al.In vitro activity of protegrin-1 and beta-defensin-1, alone and in combination with isoniazid, against Mycobacterium tuberculosisPeptides25(7)1075-1077(2004) 5.Feng, J., Xie, Z., Yang, W., et al.Human beta-defensin 1, a new animal toxin-like blocker of potassium channelToxicon113(2016) 6.Han, Q., Wang, R., Sun, C., et al.Human beta-defensin-1 suppresses tumor migration and invasion and is an independent predictor for survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma patientsPLoS One9(3)e91867(2014)

Cinobufotalin 是一种从蟾蜍的皮肤分泌物中提取的强心类固醇或丁二烯内酯。它已被用作强心药，利尿药和止血药，也是潜在的抗肺癌药物。

Bezlotoxumab 是一种针对 C. difficile 毒素 B 的人单克隆抗体。Bezlotoxumab 与 C. difficile 毒素 B 结合，可预防肠上皮损伤和结肠炎。

Indican (Indoxyl-β-D-glucoside) 是吲哚酚的一种糖苷，染料靛蓝和靛玉红的前体。它的主要代谢物是硫酸吲哚酚 (IS)。其中 IS 是尿毒症毒素，是有机阴离子转运蛋白1 (OAT 1)、OAT 3 和多药耐药相关蛋白4 (MRP 4) 的底物 抑制剂。