22(S)-hydroxy Cholesterol is a synthetic oxysterol and a modulator of the liver X receptor (LXR). [1] t prevents monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) expression induced by the LXR agonist GW 3965 in primary hepatocytes and downregulates mRNA expression of the LXR target genes CD36, ACSL1, and SCD-1 in human myotubes. It decreases triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol synthesis from labeled palmitate and acetate, respectively, in human myoblasts by 50% when used at a concentration of 10 uM. 22(S)-hydroxy Cholesterol also reduces fatty acid synthase (FAS) reporter activity through an LXR response element in the promoter region in COS-1 cells transfected with RXRα and LXRα and decreases the expression of MCP-1 and CCR2 in a mouse model of chronic ethanol consumption.[1] [2] Dietary supplementation of 22(S)-hydroxy cholesterol (30 mg kg per day) leads to less body weight gain and lower liver triacylglycerol levels in rats when fed either a regular chow or high-fat diet as well as prevents an increase in plasma triacylglycerol levels resulting from a high-fat diet.[3]
7β,27-dihydroxy Cholesterol is an oxysterol and agonist of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγ) and RORγt. [1] It activates RORγ- or RORγt-dependent signaling with EC50 values of 691 and 1,045 nM, respectively, in reporter assays using HEK293T cells expressing the recombinant human receptors. 7β,27-dihydroxy Cholesterol is selective for RORγ and RORγt over a panel of eight additional nuclear receptors at 30 µM. It increases IL-17A production in Th17-polarized isolated human na ve CD4+ T cells when used at a concentration of 300 nM. 7β,27-dihydroxy Cholesterol (60 mg kg) increases IL-17A production in isolated mouse γδ T cells stimulated with 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin .
19-Alkyne Cholesterol, an alkyne-derivatized form of cholesterol, is utilized to trace its localization and distribution within subcellular compartments of NIH3T3 cells and to explore cholesterol's involvement in hedgehog (Hh) signal transduction within Shh-LIGHT2 cells through click chemistry alongside diverse reporter azides.
22-NBD cholesterol, a fluorescent cholesterol analog featuring a nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) group, serves multiple research purposes in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Its applications span the analysis of steroid uptake and esterification, the study of intracellular localization and targeting, cholesterol metabolism in mammalian and bacterial cells, and examining cholesterol intestinal absorption in hamsters. This compound showcases excitation/emission maxima at 472/540 nm when integrated into 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (DMPC) vesicles. Notably, the emission maximum of 22-NBD cholesterol varies with the solvent's polarity, becoming more pronounced as the polarity increases.
27-Alkyne Cholesterol, an alkyne derivative of cholesterol, facilitates the investigation of cholesterol metabolism and localization through click chemistry with reporter azides in both fixed and living cells. It serves as a substrate for enzymes across diverse species such as bacteria, yeast, rat, and human.
7-Keto-25-hydroxy Cholesterol, an oxysterol and proposed metabolite of 7-keto cholesterol and 7-dehydro cholesterol, binds to and activates Smoothened (Smo) at the conserved extracellular cysteine-rich domain (CRD) in a reporter assay. Additionally, it enhances the number of EGF high affinity binding sites in normal rat kidney (NRK) cells.