1,3-dimethylxanthine

Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) 是茶中的甲基黄嘌呤衍生物，具有利尿、平滑肌松弛、支气管扩张、心脏和中枢神经系统兴奋作用。

Theophylline monohydrate (Quibron) 似乎抑制磷酸二酯酶和前列腺素的产生，调节钙通量和细胞内钙分布，并拮抗腺苷。茶碱是黄嘌呤的天然生物碱衍生物，从植物山茶花和小粒咖啡中分离出来。在生理上，该药剂可放松支气管平滑肌，产生血管舒张（脑血管除外），刺激中枢神经系统，刺激心肌，利尿，增加胃酸分泌；它还可以抑制炎症并改善横膈膜的收缩性。

8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine (CPT) 是一种选择性的腺苷A1受体拮抗剂，对 A1 受体和 A2 受体的Ki 值分别为 10.9 和 1440 nM。

1-Methylxanthine 是咖啡因衍生物，是咖啡因和茶碱 (1,3-二甲基黄嘌呤，TP) 在人体尿代谢产物，能够提高肿瘤细胞的放射敏感性。

Theophylline (1,3-Dimethylxanthine) sodium glycinate 是一种有效的磷酸二酯酶 (PDE) 抑制剂，可抑制 PDE3 活性以松弛气道平滑肌。Theophylline sodium glycinate 可用于研究哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病 (COPD) 。Theophylline sodium glycinate 也是一种腺苷受体拮抗剂和组蛋白脱乙酰酶 (HDAC) 激活剂。 Theophylline sodium glycinate 通过增加 IL-10 和抑制 NF-κB 的核输入而具有抗炎活性。Theophyllin sodium glycinate 可诱导细胞凋亡。

Paraxanthine-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of paraxanthine by GC- or LC-MS. Paraxanthine is an active metabolite of caffeine. It is formed via N3-demethylation of caffeine by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP1A2. Paraxanthine is an adenosine A1 and A2 receptor antagonist. In vivo, paraxanthine increases striatal cGMP and extracellular striatal dopamine levels and locomotor activity, as well as inhibits motor depression induced by the adenosine A1 agonist CPA or the adenosine A2 receptor agonist CGS 21680 in rats not habituated to caffeine. It also promotes wakefulness and increases locomotor activity and core temperature in narcoleptic transgenic mice without increasing behavioral anxiety.