1's-isomers

Metolachlor 是出苗前的选择性的，氯乙酰苯胺除草剂，由四种立体异构体组成的手性除草剂。它可用于控制玉米和其他农作物中的各种一年生草和阔叶杂草。

MI-192 是一种选择性 HDAC2和 HDAC3抑制剂，IC50分别为 30 nM 和 16 nM。MI-192 比其他 HDAC 异构体对 HDAC2/3 具有更高选择性。MI-192 诱导髓系白血病细胞凋亡 (apoptosis)。抗癌和神经保护活性。

(±)10-HDHA is an autoxidation product of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in vitro.[1][2] It is also produced from incubations of DHA in rat liver, brain, and intestinal microsomes.[3][4][5] (±)10-HDHA is a potential marker of oxidative stress in brain and retina where DHA is an abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid. Reference：[1]. VanRollins, M., and Murphy, R.C. Autooxidation of docosahexaenoic acid: Analysis of ten isomers of hydroxydocosahexaenoate. J. Lipid Res. 25(5), 507-517 (1984).[2]. Reynaud, D., Thickitt, C.P., and Pace-Asciak, C.R. Facile preparation and structural determination of monohydroxy derivatives of docosahexaenoic acid (HDoHE) by α-tocopherol-directed autoxidation. Anal. Biochem. 214(1), 165-170 (1993).[3]. VanRollins, M., Baker, R.C., Sprecher, H., et al. Oxidation of docosahexaenoic acid by rat liver microsomes. J. Biol. Chem. 259(9), 5776-5783 (1984).[4]. Yamane, M., Abe, A., and Yamane, S. High-performance liquid chromatography-thermospray mass spectrometry of epoxy polyunsaturated fatty acids and epoxyhydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acids from an incubation mixture of rat tissue homogenate. J. Chromatogr. 652(2), 123-136 (1994).[5]. Kim, H.Y., Karanian, J.W., Shingu, T., et al. Sterochemical analysis of hydroxylated docosahexaenoates produced by human platelets and rat brain homogenate. Prostaglandins 40(5), 473-490 (1990).

(±)12-HEPE is produced by non-enzymatic oxidation of EPA. It contains equal amounts of 12(S)-HEPE and 12(R)-HEPE. The biological activity of (±)12-HEPE is likely mediated by one of the individual isomers, most commonly the 12(S) isomer in mammalian systems. 12-HEPE inhibits platelet aggregation with the same potency as 12-HETE, exhibiting IC50 values of 24 and 25 µM, respectively. [1] These compounds are also equipotent as inhibitors of U46619-induced contraction of rat aorta (IC50s = 8.6-8.8 µM).[2]

9(Z),11(E)-Conjugated linoleic acid is an isomer of linoleic acid that has been found in beef and milk fat.1It binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα; IC50= 140 nM) and activates the receptor in a reporter assay using COS-1 cells expressing mouse PPARα when used at a concentration of 100 μM.29(Z),11(E)-Conjugated linoleic acid inhibits TNF-α-inducedGLUT4expression and increases insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.3Dietary administration of 9(Z)11(E)-conjugated linoleic acid reduces serum fasting glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels and decreases white adipose tissue macrophage infiltration inob/obmice. It also increases body weight gain and body fat in weanling mice.4[Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1278] 1.Shultz, T.D., Chew, B.P., Seaman, W.R., et al.Inhibitory effect of conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid and β-carotene on the in vitro growth of human cancer cellsCancer Lett.63(2)125-133(1992) 2.Moya-Camarena, S.Y., Heuvel, J.P.V., Blanchard, S.G., et al.Conjugated linoleic acid is a potent naturally occurring ligand and activator of PPARαJ. Lipid Res.40(8)1426-1433(1999) 3.Moloney, F., Toomey, S., Noone, E., et al.Antidiabetic effects of cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid may be mediated via anti-inflammatory effects in white adipose tissueDiabetes56(3)574-582(2007) 4.Pariza, M.W., Park, Y., and Cook, M.E.The biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acidProg. Lipid Res.40(4)283-298(2001)

13(S)-HpOTrE(γ) is a monohydroxy PUFA produced by the action of soybean lipoxygenase-1 (LO-1) on γ-linolenic acid. Further action of soybean LO-1 converts 13(S)-HpOTrE(γ) to all four isomers of 6,13-DiHOTrE. At concentrations greater than 100 μM, 13(S)-HpOTrE(γ) inhibits the activity of soybean LO-1.