α-linolenic acid

α-Linolenic acid (Alpha-Linolenic Acid) 是一种必需脂肪酸，人体无法合成，从种子油中分离得到。α-Linolenic acid 具有提高记忆力、抑制血栓性疾病、降低血脂等作用。

α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential fatty acid found in leafy green vegetables. ALA, as part of a low saturated fat diet, helps prevent cardiovascular disease. ALA decreases blood pressure, serum cholesterol levels, and platelet aggregation.

γ-Linolenic acid ethyl ester (Ethyl γ-linolenate) 是一种白三烯 B 受体 4(LTB4)的拮抗剂，具有潜在的抗炎作用。

Ethyl dihomo-γ-linolenic acid ethyl ester (ethyl DGLA), an ω-6 fatty acid intermediate ester form, elevates prostaglandin E1(PGE1) and PGE2 secretion in rabbit renal papilla when administered dietarily at a dosage of 1 g kg per day for 25 days. Additionally, this dosage of ethyl DGLA increases triglyceride levels and enhances the proportion of 20:3ω6 and 20:4ω6 phospholipids in the renal medulla of rabbits. Ethyl DGLA formulations have been employed in managing eczema and inflammatory disorders.

Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid sodium (DGLA; all-cis-8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid) 是一种具有抗炎和抗增殖活性的 20 碳 ω-6 脂肪酸。Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (sodium) 能减轻载脂蛋白 E 缺陷小鼠模型的动脉粥样硬化。

Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid methyl ester 是 Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid 的甲酯形式，Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid 具有抗炎和抗增殖作用。

gamma-Linolenic acid (gamolenic acid) 是一种 omega-6 (n-6)，18 碳 (18C-) 多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)，可以从人乳和植物种子油中提取。

Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) 是一种广泛存在于植物体内的脂肪酸，具有抗肿瘤和抗增殖作用，抑制异种移植肿瘤细胞生长，可用于研究类风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化和特应性皮炎等与炎症相关的疾病。

γ-Linolenic Acid methyl ester (Methyl gamma-linolenate) 是一种弱白三烯 B4 (LTB4) 受体拮抗剂。

Methyl Linolenate (Linolenic acid methyl ester) 是一种多不饱和脂肪酸。 它用于研究不饱和脂肪酸氧化 过氧化的机制和预防。

Jacaric acid is a conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid first isolated from seeds of Jacaranda plants. Structurally, it is an 18-carbon ω-6 triene isomer of γ-linolenic acid . Jacaric acid induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines (GI50 = 1-5 μM). It increases the production of reactive oxygen species, and cytotoxicity is abolished by the antioxidant α-tocopherol, suggesting that apoptosis results from oxidative stress. Jacaric acid is metabolized in vivo to conjugated linoleic acid , which is also cytotoxic to cancer cells. Jacaric acid inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 in vitro (Ki = 1.7 μM) and, with long term feeding, decreases stearoyl-CoA desaturase expression and activity in mice.

12(S)-HETrE是一种内源性代谢物，由血小板中的12-脂氧合酶（12-LOX）氧化ω-6 PUFA dihomo-γ-linolenic acid(DGLA)产生，作用于Gαs偶联的G蛋白偶联受体，具有抗血栓形成的作用，在心血管疾病具有潜在的治疗作用。12(S)-HETrE 在体外可抑制激动剂介导的血小板活化（IC50 = 40 μM）、α 颗粒分泌、整合素 αⅡbβ3 活化、Rap1 活化和凝血酶诱导的血块回缩。

13(S)-HpOTrE is a monohydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid produced in soybeans by the action of soybean LO-2 on esterified α-linolenic acid.[1] Incubation of soybean seedling biomembranes with soybean LO-2 catalyzes the formation of both 9- and 13-HpOTrE in a molar ratio of 10:1.1 In plants, 13(S)-HpOTrE can be metabolized by the hydroperoxide lyase pathway producing aldehyde and oxoacid fragments, or by the hydroperoxide dehydratase pathway producing jasmonic acid.[2],[3],[4] Treatment of tomato leaves with 13-HpOTrE causes induction of proteinase inhibitors, simulating the normal response to wounding.5 This data suggests that in plants 13(S)-HpOTrE may participate in a lipid-based signalling system initiated by insect and pathogen attack.

9(S),12(S),13(S)-TriHODE 是由 α-Linolenic acid 衍生的氧化脂质，存在于长蒴果中。

1-Linoleoyl-3-α-linolenoyl-rac-glycerol, a diacylglycerol, features linoleic acid at the sn-1 position and α-linolenic acid at the sn-3 position. This compound is identified in olive oil that has undergone lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis, utilizing immobilized lipase B derived from C. antarctica.

1-Palmitoyl-3-linolenoyl-rac-glycerol, a diacylglycerol with palmitic acid and α-linolenic acid at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions respectively, is present in both the peel and pulp of unripe Dwarf Cavendish bananas.

1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3-linolenoyl-rac-glycerol is a triacylglycerol comprising palmitic acid, oleic acid, and α-linolenic acid esterified at the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions, respectively.

12-oxo-9(Z)-Dodecenoic acid 是一种 ω-oxoacid 和 ω-6 PUFA 亚麻酸及ω-3 PUFA α-亚麻酸的代谢产物。通过植物中的脂氧合酶产生的13-羟基过氧化物中间体，由过氧化物裂解酶形成。12-oxo-9(Z)-Dodecenoic acid (100 µM) 对植物病原真菌 P. parasitica 有活性。

13-epi-12-oxo Phytodienoic acid (13-epi-12-oxo PDA) is a lipoxygenase metabolite of α-linolenic acid in the leaves of green plants such as corn. ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in plants are substrates for plant lipoxygenases. 12-oxo PDA is one of the best studied end metabolites of this enzymatic pathway. While the initial enzymatic product and major isomer of 12-oxo PDA contains side chains in the cis position, both being β to the ring, the upper side chain attached at C-13, can and frequently does, isomerize when 12-oxo PDA is extracted, isolated, or stored. 13-epi-12-oxo PDA is the product of this isomerization.

9(S)-HpOTrE is a monohydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid produced by the action of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) on α-linolenic acid. It can be further metabolized to colnelenic acid by a divinyl ether synthase activity found in garlic and potato microsomal fractions. 9(S)-HpOTrE also serves as a substrate for further oxidation by both soybean and potato LOs, resulting in the formation of 9,16-dihydroperoxy acid. The suicide inactivation of LOs when 9(S)-HpOTrE is used as a substrate is thought to occur via formation of an unstable epoxide.

1,2-Dilinoleoyl-3-α-linolenoyl-rac-glycerol is a triacylglycerol featuring linoleic acid at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions and α-linolenic acid at the sn-3 position, identified within corn and soybean oils.

1,2-Dioleoyl-3-α-linolenoyl-rac-glycerol, a triacylglycerol, features oleic acid at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions and α-linolenic acid at the sn-3 position. This compound has been identified in the fat body of male B. lapidarius bumblebees.

A1-Phytoprostane-I is a cyclopentenone isoprostane produced by the action of reactive oxygen species on α-linolenic acid in plants. There are two A1-phytoprostanes, both having the single ketone group on the ring structure. This isoform results from cyclization between carbons 9 and 13 of linolenic acid, as opposed to carbons 3 and 7 in A1-phytoprostane-II. A1-Phytoprostanes induce the expression of glutathione-S-transferase, increase phytoalexin biosynthesis, and trigger the expression of several genes involved in primary and secondary metabolism in plants.

Torilin 是一种睾酮5α还原酶抑制剂，它（IC50=31.7+ -4.23μM）对5α还原酶的抑制作用强于α-亚麻酸（IC50=160.3+ -24.62μM），但弱于非那雄胺（IC50=0.38+ -0.06μM）。Torilin 具有免疫调节、肝脏保护和抗炎特性，它通过限制 TAK1介导的 MAP 激酶和 NF-βB 活化来抑制炎症，它可以减轻关节炎的严重程度，改变 dLN 或关节中的白细胞活化，并恢复血清和脾细胞细胞因子失衡。托利林抑制α-黑素细胞刺激激素激活的 B16黑色素瘤细胞中的黑色素生成，IC（50）值为25μM。Torilin 对枯草芽孢杆菌 ATCC 6633孢子和营养细胞表现出优异的抗菌活性。Torilin 在体内和体外都具有强大的抗血管生成活性，它可能通过抑制肿瘤侵袭来抑制肿瘤发生，逆转癌细胞的多药耐药性，它可以增强阿霉素、长春碱、紫杉醇和秋水仙碱对多药耐药 KB-V1和 MCF7 ADR 细胞的细胞毒性。