Equisetin, an N-methylserine-derived acyl tetramic acid isolated from the terrestrial fungus Fusarium equiseti NRRL 5537, functions as a Quorum-sensing inhibitor (QSI) that specifically attenuates QS-regulated virulence phenotypes in P. aeruginosa, presenting a potent lead for treating P. aeruginosa infections without hindering bacterial growth. This tetramate-containing natural product possesses antibiotic and cytotoxic properties, effectively inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and HIV-1 integrase activity, yet it does not impact Gram-negative bacteria.
Dolutegravir M1 is a metabolite of the HIVintegraseinhibitor dolutegravir .1It is formed primarily by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. 1.Zhu, J., Wang, P., Li, F., et al.CYP1A1 and 1B1-mediated metabolic pathways of dolutegravir, an HIVintegraseinhibitorBiochem. Pharmacol.158174-184(2018)
Dolutegravir O-β-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of the HIVintegraseinhibitor dolutegravir .1It is formed from dolutegravir primarily by the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoform UGT1A1in vivobut is also metabolized by UGT1A9 in human liver and kidney microsomes and UGT1A3 in human intestinal microsomes.2,1 1.Liu, S.N., Lu, J.B., Watson, C.J.W., et al.Mechanistic assessment of extrahepatic contributions to glucuronidation of integrase strand transfer inhibitorsDrug Metab. Dispos.47(5)535-544(2019) 2.Reese, M.J., Savina, P.M., Generaux, G.T., et al.In vitro investigations into the roles of drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes in the disposition and drug interactions of dolutegravir, a HIVintegraseinhibitorDrug Metab. Dispos.41(2)353-361(2013)