buttermilk

Sphingomyelins (SMs) are bioactive sphingolipids found in mammalian cell membranes.1SMs make up 2-15% of the total organ phospholipid population but are found at higher concentrations in the brain and myelin sheaths surrounding peripheral nerves. They interact with cholesterol to control its distribution within cellular membranes and maintain cholesterol homeostasis in cells. SMs undergo hydrolysis by sphingomyelinase to form ceramides, which are sphingolipid mediators of intracellular signaling.2This product is a mixture of SMs, with variable fatty acyl chain lengths, isolated from buttermilk. [Matreya, LLC. Catalog No. 1329] 1.Slotte, J.P., and Ramstedt, B.The functional role of sphingomyelin in cell membranesEur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol.109(10)977-981(2007) 2.Shayman, J.A.SphingolipidsKidney Int.58(1)11-26(2000)

Lactosylceramides (bovine buttermilk) (LacCer (bovine buttermilk)) 是从牛酪乳中分离出来的神经酰胺，抑制细胞增殖，可用于研究肿瘤和肝脏病变。

C22 Glucosylceramide (d18:1 22:0) is an endogenous glucosylceramide. Glucosylceramides are major constituents of skin lipid membranes where they play a role in maintaining the water permeability barrier. They are precursors in the synthesis of lactosylceramide , as well as oligoglycolipids and gangliosides. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) type XIIA knockdown increases C22 glucosylceramide (d18:1 22:0) expression in rat brain. It is also increased in the brain, but not the liver or spinal cord, of mice fed a methionine-restricted diet. In human athletes, plasma levels of C22 glucosylceramide (d18:1 22:0) increase during exercise and return to basal levels during recovery. This product contains C22 glucosylceramide (d18:1 22:0) isolated from bovine buttermilk.

1-Tridecanoyl-rac-glycerol, a monoacylglycerol featuring tridecanoic acid at the sn-1 position, serves as an internal standard for quantifying mono- and diacylglycerols in buttermilk.