bovine

BVDV-IN-1 是一种牛病毒性腹泻病毒 (BVDV) 的非核苷抑制剂 (NNI)，EC50 为 1.8 μM。它直接与 BVDV RdRp 的疏水口袋结合，对耐 NNI 氨基硫脲 (TSC) 的 BVDV 具有抗病毒活性。

2,5-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (Gentisaldehyde) 是一种天然抗微生物剂，可抑制Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 的生长。它还抑制金黄色葡萄球菌菌株，MIC50为 500 mg L。

VIP(6-28)(human, rat, porcine, bovine) acetate 是外源性血管活性肠肽 (VIP) 受体对颈上神经节 (SCG) 中 cAMP 作用的拮抗剂。

神经肽Y（Neuropeptide Y, NPY）是一种参与调节食欲、血管收缩、心脏收缩力和肠道分泌的神经肽，同时也是NPY受体Y1、Y2和Y5的激动剂。它在全身范围内表达。NPY能够在表达大鼠Y1或Y2以及表达大鼠Y5的HEK293细胞中选择性抑制由forskolin诱导的cAMP积累，而对表达大鼠Y4受体的L-M(TK-)细胞的影响较小（EC50分别为0.15、2.7、0.66和>1,000 nM)。在分离的豚鼠心脏模型中，NPY能够增加灌注压（EC30 = 1.3 nM）。神经内注射NPY（300 pmol 动物）能够在大鼠中增加食物摄取量。

BMAP 28是一种合成抗菌肽，对应牛防御素-5的132-158氨基酸。对大肠杆菌(E. coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、表皮葡萄球菌(S. epidermidis)及白色念珠菌(C. albicans)具有活性(MICs分别为2、2、4、1和8 µM)。在200 nM浓度下，BMAP 28能够使大肠杆菌的内膜渗透。在5 µM浓度下，减少Vero 76细胞中单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)的复制。在30 µM浓度下，对分离的人类红细胞引起溶血，并对分离的人类嗜中性粒细胞具有细胞毒性。BMAP 28 (0.8 mg kg)可提高大肠杆菌或MRSA感染的小鼠的生存率，但对铜绿假单胞菌(P. aeruginosa)感染的小鼠无效。

CRF, bovine, is a potent agonist of the CRF receptor and displaces [125I-Tyr]ovine CRF with a Ki of 3.52 nM.

Bovine Peripheral Myelin Protein P2 (53-78) is a derivative composed of amino acid residues 53 to 78 from the peripheral myelin P2 protein of bovine origin. It acts as a T cell epitope and is used to induce experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) in Lewis rats.

Proadrenomedullin (N-20) (bovine, porcine) 是一种来源于嗜铬细胞的、具有降压及抑制 catecholamine release 的非竞争性肽类。该化合物能显著抑制 PC12 嗜铬细胞瘤细胞的 catecholamine 分泌，显示出 350 nM 的 IC50 值。此外，Proadrenomedullin (N-20) (bovine, porcine) 作为 EC50 约为 270 nM 的阻断剂，能够有效抵抗烟碱能激动剂引起的 catecholamine release 脱敏现象和烟碱相关的信号通道 (22Na+摄取)。

EILDV (human, bovine, rat)为一种具有保守性三肽LDV序列的活性五肽类似物，适用于细胞粘附研究。

K-Casein (106-116), bovine，为一抗血小板聚集与纤维蛋白原结合的多肽，动脉粥样硬化关键作用因子。

Ripafollitropin alfa (bovine)为一种结合了重组促卵泡激素(FSH)与绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)的融合蛋白。

Agonist at Y4 neuropeptide Y receptors.

Apelin-17 (human, bovine) acetate(217082-57-0 free base) 是一种内源性 apelin 受体激动剂。有效抑制毛喉素刺激的 cAMP 积累 (pIC50 = 9.94)。

Phosphatidylserine is a naturally occurring phospholipid that comprises 2-10% of total phospholipids in mammals and is enriched in the central nervous system, particularly the retina. It is anionic and found mainly on the inner leaflet of the cell membrane. It is biosynthesized from phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidyl synthase 1 (PSS1) or PSS2, respectively, in the endoplasmic reticulum and can be reversibly converted back by the same enzymes. It can also be irreversibly converted to phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylserine decarboxylase in the mitochondria. Phosphatidylserine binds to T cell immunoglobulin mucin type 1 (TIM-1) and TIM-4 receptors as well as brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1 (BAI1), leading to anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects. It is also a cofactor involved in the activation of various signaling pathways through activation of protein kinase C, neutral sphingomyelinase, and c-Raf-1 protein kinase among others. Phosphatidylserine is externalized during apoptosis by scramblases in the plasma membrane as a signal for phagocytes to engulf the cell. Phosphatidylserines (bovine) is a mixture of bovine phosphatidylserines containing fatty acids with variable chain lengths at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions.

Ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE) is an analog of sphingomyelin that contains ethanolamine rather than choline as the head group. It is the principal membrane phospholipid in invertebrates such as Drosophila, which lacks sphingomyelin. It is only produced in small amounts in mammalian cells, accounting for approximately 0.02 mol% of total phospholipids in mouse testis and brain. In Drosophila, CPE is biosynthesized by CPE synthase from ceramide and cytidine diphosphate-ethanolamine in the Golgi lumen. In mammals, it is biosynthesized by sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) in the plasma membrane and by sphingomyelin synthase-related protein (SMSr) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In Drosophila, CPE has a role in glial ensheathment of axons. Disrupting CPE synthesis by depleting SMSr in vitro in mammalian cells leads to an accumulation of ER ceramides, which are then mislocalized to the mitochondria, inducing apoptosis. However, ceramide levels are not altered in transgenic mice lacking SMSr catalytic activity. CPEs (bovine) is a mixture of CPEs with variable N-acyl chain lengths.

Osteostatin (1-5) amide (human, bovine, dog, horse, mouse, rabbit, rat) (Human PTHrP (107-111) amide) 是一段具有抑制骨吸收作用的C端甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白片段。

Peptide F, bovine，是源自牛大脑和肾上腺髓质的前脑啡肽F，与脑啡能系统的疼痛传导过程相关。

beta-Casomorphin (1-5), bovine trifluoroacetate 是一种有用的有机化合物，可用于生命科学领域的相关研究，其产品编号为 T64708。

Fetuin, Fetal Bovine Serum is a glycoprotein weighing 64 kDa that is secreted by the liver and obtained from fetal bovine serum. It acts as an inhibitor of trypsin activity and facilitates cellular attachment, growth, and differentiation.

Galanin (2-11) amide is a synthetic peptide fragment of the neuropeptide galanin and an agonist of the galanin-2 (GAL2) receptor (EC50= 9.32 nM in a fluorescence imaging plate reader assay).1It selectively binds to the GAL2receptor (IC50= 1.76 nM for the rat receptor) over the GAL1receptor (IC50= 879 nM for the human receptor) but does also bind to the GAL3receptor (Ki= 271 nM for the rat receptor).1,2Intracerebroventricular administration of galanin (2-11) amide (1 nmol/animal) decreases immobility in the forced swim test in rats.3It also reduces the hind paw mechanical pain threshold and increases the hind paw cold sensitivity threshold in rats.1

Brain-derived acidic fibroblast growth factor (brain-derived aFGF) (1-11) is a peptide fragment of brain-derived aFGF. Brain-derived aFGF is an angiogenic vascular endothelial cell mitogen produced in bovine brain that has sequence homology to interleukin-1. aFGF (1-11) corresponds to amino acid residues 1-11 of the full length peptide.

Sulfatides are endogenous sulfoglycolipids with various biological activities in the central and peripheral nervous systems, pancreas, and immune system. They are produced from the combination of ceramide and UDP-galactose in the endoplasmic reticulum followed by sulfation in the Golgi apparatus. The ceramide portion contains variable fatty acid chain lengths, which are tissue- and pathology-dependent. Sulfatides are primarily found in the myelin sheath of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, with smaller chain lengths predominant during development and longer chain lengths predominant in mature cells. They accumulate in the lysosome of patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, a disorder characterized by arylsulfatase A deficiency. Sulfatides are also located in pancreatic β-cells and inhibit insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islet cells, suggesting a potential role in diabetes. Sulfatides can induce inflammation in glia in vitro and certain sulfatides, such as C24:1 3'-sulfo-galactosylceramide, can induce an immune response in vitro in mouse splenocytes. Sulfatides (bovine) (sodium salt) is a mixture of isolated bovine sulfatides.

VIP(6-28)(human, rat, porcine, bovine) is a potent antagonist that effectively counteracts the effects of exogenous vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling.

Endogenous apelin receptor agonist. Potently inhibits forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation (pIC50 = 9.94).