Amyloid-β (25-35) (Aβ (25-35)) is an 11-residue fragment of the Aβ protein that retains the physical and biological characteristics of the full length peptide. It forms fibrils that react to thioflavin T and Congo red and are organized in a cross-β arrangement of β-strands similar to Aβ (1-40) and Aβ (1-42) fibrils. Aggregated Aβ (25-35) decreases the viability of rat adrenal PC12 cells. It also decreases the viability of primary rat cortical neurons at concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 30 μM. In vivo, intracerebral injection of Aβ (25-35) (20 nmol) in rats induces lesions of neuronal and tissue loss. Aggregated Aβ (25-35) administered intracerebroventricularly to rats induces learning and memory impairments in the Y-maze, novel object recognition, and contextual fear conditioning tests.
Human serum albumin(人血清白蛋白,HSA)是人类血浆中含量最多的蛋白质,在肝脏中产生并且可溶于水,分子量为66.5 kDa。HSA通过选择性结合交叉结构的 A 寡聚体,抑制阿尔茨海默病。HSA是淀粉样蛋白-β (Αβ)聚集的关键内源性抑制剂。HSA在细胞培养中作为载体蛋白,用于运输脂肪酸、类固醇和甲状腺激素,并调节血液的渗透压;还用于药物递送研究、免疫分析和细胞冻存。
Flutafuranol, also known as AZD 4694 and NAV4694, is a bio-active chemical. AZD4694 shows high affinity for beta-amyloid fibrils in vitro (K(d) = 2.3 + - 0.3 nM). The fluorine-18 labeled AZD4694 may have potential for PET-visualization of cerebral beta-am
Neuropeptide Y (human) TFA, a compound implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), exhibits protective effects against β-Amyloid toxicity in rat cortical neurons.
Pramlintide is a non-amyloidogenic analog of the antidiabetic peptide hormone amylin that contains proline residues substituted at positions 25, 28, and 29. It stimulates cAMP production in HEK293 cells expressing human amylin receptor 1a (AMY1a), AMY2a, and AMY3a (EC50s = 0.35, 22.9, and 0.89 nM, respectively). Pramlintide inhibits human islet amyloid polypeptide fibrilization in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo, pramlintide (200 pg/kg) reduces brain levels of amyloid-β (1-40) and increases spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze in the Tg2576 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
The amyloid β-protein is a 39- to 43-amino acid polypeptide that is the primary constituent of senile plaques and cerebrovascular deposits in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome. Additionally it acts as an inhibitor of the ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation in vitro.