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T36097
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TNF-α-IN-2
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TNF-α-IN-2 is a highly potent and orally bioavailable inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), exhibiting an IC50 of 25 nM in the HTRF assay. It exerts its inhibitory effects by inducing conformational changes in the TNFα trimer upon binding, resulting in disrupted signaling when the trimer interacts with TNFR1. TNF-α-IN-2 holds promise as a valuable tool for investigating the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis[1]. |
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T64349
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Necroptosis-IN-3
Cyclohexanecarboxamide, N-(2-thienylmethyl)-
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Necroptosis |
Apoptosis |
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Necroptosis-IN-3 (Cyclohexanecarboxamide, N-(2-thienylmethyl)-)(Compound 69) 是一种坏死性凋亡 (necroptosis) 抑制剂，抑制 TNF-α 诱导的坏死性凋亡。Necroptosis-IN-3(Compound 69) 也抑制 11β-HSD1。 |
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T10866
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Cot inhibitor-2
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TNF;
MAPK |
Apoptosis;
MAPK |
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Cot inhibitor-2 是一种 cot (Tpl2/MAP3K8) 抑制剂(IC50 : 1.6 nM)，具有有效性，选择性和口服活性。Cot inhibitor-2 对LPS 刺激的人全血中 TNF-α 的产生具有抑制作用，IC50 为 0.3 μM。 |
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T36524
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IKK2-IN-4
5-Phenyl-2-ureidothiophene-3-carboxylic Acid Amide,IKK2 Inhibitor IV
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IκB/IKK;
TNF |
Apoptosis;
NF-κB |
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IKK2-IN-4 (IKK2 Inhibitor IV)是一种高效的 IKK-2 抑制剂，IC50 值为 25 nM。IKK2-IN-4 对 LPS 诱导的 PBMC 中 TNFα 的产生有抑制作用。 |
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T24816
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SP-100030
SP100030,SP 100030
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NF-κB |
NF-κB |
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SP-100030 是一种有效的 NF-κB 和激活蛋白-1 (AP-1) 双抑制剂 (IC50 分别为 50 和 50 nM)。SP-10003 抑制 Jurkat 和其他T 细胞系产生的 IL-2、IL-8 和 TNF-α 的产生。SP-100030 降低小鼠胶原性关节炎 (CIA)。 |
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T15017
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CU-T12-9
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TLR |
Immunology/Inflammation |
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CU-T12-9 是特异性 TLR1/2激动剂，可激活先天免疫系统和适应性免疫系统。它选择性激活 TLR1/2 异二聚体，可通过促进 TLR1 和 TLR2 二聚而激活 NF-κB 信号，引起下游 TNF-α、IL-10 和 iNOS 增加。 |
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T1562
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Rebamipide
Proamipide,OPC12759,瑞巴派特
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Free radical scavengers;
COX;
Prostaglandin Receptor |
GPCR/G Protein;
Immunology/Inflammation;
Neuroscience;
oxidation-reduction |
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Rebamipide (OPC12759) 是一种粘膜保护剂，可诱导COX-2表达，增加PGE2水平，并以 COX-2 依赖性方式增强胃粘膜防御。 |
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T7672
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MD2-TLR4-IN-1
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TLR |
Immunology/Inflammation |
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MD2-TLR4-IN-1 是一种骨髓分化蛋白 2/toll 样受体 4 (MD2-TLR4) 复合物抑制剂，能够抑制巨噬细胞 LPS 诱导的 TNF-α 和 IL-6 的表达，IC50值分别为 0.89 和 0.53 μM。 |
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T12203L
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Necrostatin 2
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Others |
Others |
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Necrostatin 2 is an effective necroptosis inhibitor. Necrostatin 2 is also a RIPK1 inhibitor. EC50 for inhibition of necroptosis in FADD-deficient Jurkat T cells treated with TNF-α is 0.05 μM. |
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T76988
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Tanfanercept
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Tanfanercept (HL036337)，一种抗TNF-α单克隆抗体，在干眼症(DE)小鼠模型中能有效改善角膜糜烂。 |
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T37726
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MMP-9 Inhibitor I
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MMP-9 inhibitor I is an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) that is selective over MMP-1 and MMP-13 (IC50s = 5, 1,050, and 113 nM, respectively). It also decreases the activity of TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 0.54 μM). MMP-9 inhibitor I decreases TNF-α secretion stimulated by LPS in BV-2 microglial cells when used at concentrations of 50 and 100 μM. |
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T63943
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COX-2-IN-10
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COX-2-IN-10 是 COX-2 的有效抑制剂。COX-2-IN-10 对 IL-6、TNF-α 和 IL-1β 的产生表现出抑制作用。COX-2-IN-10 能够浓度依赖性地抑制 PGE2 的产生，其 IC50 值为 2.54 μM。COX-2-IN-10 在 mRNA 和蛋白水平上抑制 iNOS 和 COX-2 的表达。 |
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T79256
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DPP-4-IN-8
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DPP-4-IN-8 (compound 27) 是一种高效的选择性DPP4抑制剂，具有 0.96 μM 的 Ki。该化合物能够抑制 Caco-2 和 HepG-2 细胞中的 DPP4 二肽酶活性，并剂量依赖性地降低 TNF-α、IL-6 和 IL-1β 的表达水平[1]。 |
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T72017
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6(5H)-Phenanthridinone
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6(5H)-Phenanthridinone is an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and PARP2. It decreases radiation-induced PARP activity and proliferation of RDM4 murine lymphoma cells. 6(5H)-Phenanthridinone reduces NF-κB-induced transcription of the genes encoding TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ in rat lymphocytes. In vivo, 6(5H)-phenanthridinone reduces spinal cord expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ and reduces disease score in a rat model of experimenta... |
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T37590
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ML 3403
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p38 MAPK inhibitor (IC50 = 0.38 μM). Inhibits the release of IL-1β and TNF-α in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) assay (IC50 values are 0.039 and 0.16 μM respectively).
Laufer et al (2003) Novel substituted pyridinyl imidazoles as potent anticytokine agents with low activity against hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes. J.Med.Chem. 46 3230 PMID:12852754 |Kammerer et al (2007) Pharmacokinetics of ML3403 ({4-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylsulfanyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl]-pyridin-2-yl}-(1-phenylethyl)-... |
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T36401
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DCVC
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DCVC inhibits pathogen-stimulated TNF-α in human extra placental membranes in vitro.Target: TNF-αin vitro: DCVC inhibits pathogen stimulated cytokine release from tissue punch cultures. DCVC (5-50 μM) significantly inhibits LTA-, LPS-, and GBS-stimulated cytokine release from tissue cultures as early as 4 h (P ≤ 0.05). In contrast, TCA (up to 500 μM) does not inhibit LTA-stimulated cytokine release from tissue punches. DCVC effects on LTA-stimulated and LPS-stimulated TNF-α release from tissue p... |
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T76963
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Certolizumab pegol
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Certolizumab pegol (Certolizumab) 是经过重组和聚乙二醇化处理的人源化单克隆抗体抗原结合片段，它选择性地靶向并中和肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)。适用于类风湿关节炎和克罗恩病的研究领域。 |
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T36486
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Benpyrine
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Benpyrine is a highly specific and orally active TNF-α inhibitor with a KD value of 82.1 μM. Benpyrine tightly binds to TNF-α and blocks its interaction with TNFR1, with an IC50 value of 0.109 μM. Benpyrine has the potential for TNF-α mediated inflammatory and autoimmune disease research[1].
Benpyrine (5-20 μM; 14 hours; RAW264.7 cells) pretreatment results in a dose-dependent decrease in the phosphorylation of IκBα in RAW264.7 cells (stimulated with 10 ng/mL TNF-α or 1 μg/mL LPS). Benpyrine abo... |
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T83698
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Cathelicidin-2 (128-153) (chicken) TFA
Fowlicidin-2 (128-153),CATH-2 (128-153),Myeloid Antimicrobial Peptide 27 (128-153)
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Cathelicidin-2 (CATH-2) (128-153) 是一种合成抗菌肽，对应于鸡CATH-2的128至153个氨基酸。该化合物对E. coli、S. aureus、S. enteritidis和B. globigii展示出浓度依赖性的活性。CATH-2 (128-153) (40 µM) 可诱导孤立的鸡红细胞溶解，但对孤立的人外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)无细胞毒性。它能促进化学因子(C-C-基序)配体2 (CCL2)的产生，并抑制LPS诱导的TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8和IL-10在孤立的人PBMCs中的产生。 |
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T83734
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PapRIV TFA
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PapRIV是最初从B. cereus分离出的一种群体感应七肽。它被转译为一个48-氨基酸多肽，由NprB蛋白酶在细胞外分泌和加工形成活性七肽。PapRIV（1-25 µM）在BV-2微胶质细胞中诱导IL-6和TNF-α的产生，并促使NF-κB转移。 |
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T82189
|
HMGB1-IN-2
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HMGB1-IN-2 (compound 15) 是一种针对高度保守的核蛋白 HMGB1 的抑制剂，其在 RAW264.7 细胞中展现出 NO 抑制活性，IC50 为 20.2 μM。 HMGB1-IN-2 (30 μM) 能够减少 IL-1β、TNF-α、caspase-1 p20 的表达，并抑制 NF-κB p65 的磷酸化作用，显示出抗凋亡特性。在脓毒症急性肾损伤模型的小鼠中，HMGB1-IN-2（15 mg/kg；腹腔注射）可有效减轻肾脏伤害。此外，HMGB1-IN-2 对 Huh7 细胞和 A549 细胞的 IC50 分别为 77.0 μM 和 82.0 μM。 |
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T36782
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TAK1-IN-2
TAK1-IN-2
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TAK1-IN-2 is a potent and selective TAK1 inhibitor, with an IC50> of 2 nM[1].
TAK1-IN-2 (compound 54) (10 μM) has no effect on cell viability in TNF-α stimulated HCT-15 cells[1].
[1]. Veerman JJN, et, al. Discovery of 2,4-1 H-Imidazole Carboxamides as Potent and Selective TAK1 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2021 Mar 3;12(4):555-562. |
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T38002
|
LEO 39652
|
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LEO 39652 is a dual-soft PDE4 inhibitor with IC50s of 1.2 nM, 1.2 nM, 3.0 nM and 3.8 nM for PDE4A, PDE4B, PDE4C and PDE4D, respectively. LEO 39652 also inhibits TNF-α with an IC50 value of 6.0 nM. LEO 39652 is used for topical research of Atopic dermatitis (AD) [1].
LEO 39652 shows unbound in vitro potency when measured as LPS induced TNF-α release in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), incubated in serum free medium. LEO 39652 shows a relatively high binding to human serum albumin... |
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T37722
|
Diprovocim-1
|
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Diprovocim-1 is an agonist of the toll-like receptor 1/2 heterodimer.1It induces TNF-α release in THP-1 cells (EC50= 110 pM), an effect that can be inhibited by anti-TLR1 or anti-TLR2 antibodies. Diprovocim-1 (10 mg/kg) increases the production of ovalbumin-specific IgG1 in wild-type, but notTLR2-/-, mice sensitized to ovalbumin.2It also enhances anti-PD-L1 antibody-induced activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, reduction of tumor growth, and increases in survival in a B16/F10 murine melanoma mo... |
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T83798
|
8-bromo NAD+ sodium
8-bromo Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,N(8-bromo-A)D+
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8-bromo NAD+ 作为循环ADP-核糖（cADPR）抑制剂8-bromo cADPR的前药形式，通过CD38转化为8-bromo-cADPR。在1 mM浓度下，8-bromo NAD+ 阻止由N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) 在分离的小鼠骨髓衍生的中性粒细胞内引起的细胞内钙水平增加和趋化作用。同时，在100 µM浓度下使用，减少了小鼠原代小胶质细胞中LPS诱导的亚硝酸盐产生以及TNF-α和IL-2的分泌。 |
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T76945
|
Cetrelimab
|
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Cetrelimab (JNJ 63723283; JNJ 3283) 为人源化IgG4κ单克隆抗体，专门针对PD-1。其与PD-1的结合Kd值为1.72 nM（在HEK293细胞中测得）。Cetrelimab有效阻断PD-1与其配体PD-L1和PD-L2的结合，其IC50值分别为111.7 ng/mL与138.6 ng/mL。此外，Cetrelimab能激活外周T细胞，提升细胞因子（IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α）的表达水平，进而抑制肿瘤在体内的生长。 |
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T71285
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Metaxalone-d6
|
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Metaxalone-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of metaxalone by GC-or LC-MS. Metaxalone is a skeletal muscle relaxant. It inhibits the proliferation of, and induces apoptosis in, RAW 264.7 cells in vitro when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 µM. Metaxalone also reduces LPS-induced increases in COX-1, COX-2, and NF-kB levels and inhibits LPS-induced production of TNF-α, IL-6, and prostaglandin E2 in RAW 264.7 cells. Formulations containing metaxalone ... |
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T35864
|
T-5342126
|
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T-5342126 is a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antagonist.1It reduces LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells (IC50= 27.8 μM), as well as decreases LPS-induced IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-6 production in isolated human whole blood (IC50s = 110.5, 315.6, and 318.4 μM, respectively). T-5342126 (82 mg/kg) reduces ethanol intake and the abundance of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), a marker of microglial activation, in the central nucleus of the amygdala in ethanol-depen... |
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T35812
|
CAY10591
CAY10591
|
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Sirtuins (SIRTs) represent a distinct class of trichostatin A-insensitive lysyl-deacetylases (class III HDACs). Human SIRT1 is the homolog of yeast silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) and has been shown to regulate the activity of the p53 tumor suppressor and inhibit apoptosis. Small molecule activators of SIRT1, such as resveratrol, extend lifespan in yeast and C. elegans in a manner that resembles caloric restriction. CAY10591 has been identified as an activator of the enzyme SIRT1. This com... |
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T37289
|
Resolvin D2 n-3 DPA
Resolvin D2 n-3 DPA
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Resolvin D2 n-3 DPA (RvD2 n-3 DPA) is a specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM).1It is formed from docosapentaenoic acid , an intermediate in the conversion of eicosapentaenoic acid to docosahexaenoic acid , in human leukocytes. RvD2 n-3 DPA (1 nM) reduces TNF-α-induced chemotaxis and adhesion of isolated human neutrophils.In vivo, RvD2 n-3 DPA (100 ng/animal; i.v.) reduces peritoneal neutrophil infiltration and exudate levels of IL-6 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in a mouse model o... |
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T35536
|
Tpl2 Kinase Inhibitor (hydrochloride)
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Tpl2 kinase inhibitor is an inhibitor of tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2; IC50= 0.05 μM).1It is selective for Tpl2 over MEK, p38 MAPK, Src, MK2, and PKC (IC50s = >40, 180, >400, 110, and >400 μM, respectively). Tpl2 kinase inhibitor inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α production in isolated human monocytes and whole blood (IC50s = 0.7 and 8.5 μM, respectively). It enhances differentiation induced by calcitriol in HL-60 and U937 leukemia cells when used at a concentration of 5 μM.2Tpl2 kinase inhibitor (5... |
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T35406
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α-MSH TFA
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α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a 13-amino acid peptide hormone produced by post-translational processing of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary gland, as well as in keratinocytes, astrocytes, monocytes, and gastrointestinal cells.1It is an agonist of melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R) and MC4R that induces cAMP production in Hepa cells expressing the human receptors (EC50s = 0.16 and 56 nM, respectively).2α-MSH (100 pM) reducesS. aureuscolony formation andC. albicansgerm tube fo... |
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T35672
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SMU127
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SMU127 is an agonist of the toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2) heterodimer.1It induces NF-κB signaling in cells expressing human TLR2 (EC50= 0.55 μM) but not cells expressing human TLR3, -4, -5, -7, or -8 when used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 μM. SMU127 induces the production of TNF-α in isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) when used at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 μM.In vivo, SMU127 (0.1 mg/animal) reduces tumor volume in a 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma m... |
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T83895
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NCI 126224
NSC 126224
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NCI 126224 是一种 toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) 的拮抗剂。它在 RAW 264.7 巨噬细胞中，选择性抑制由 TLR4 激动剂 LPS 引起的一氧化氮 (NO) 产生（IC50 = 0.31 µM），而对 TLR7/8 激动剂 R-848、TLR1/2 激动剂 Pam3CSK4 以及 TLR3 激动剂 poly(I:C) 的影响较小；但对于相同细胞中由 TLR2/6 激动剂 FSL-1 引起的 NO 产生，其抑制作用在 0.6 µM 时亦显现。此外，NCI 126224 在 BV-2 微胶质细胞的报告实验中抑制了 LPS 引起的 NF-κB 活性，并在 RAW 264.7 巨噬细胞中降低了 LPS 引起的 IL-1β 和 TNF-α 水平（IC50s = 5.92, 0.42, 和 1.54 µM，分别）。 |
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T73873
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c-di-AMP disodium
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c-di-AMP (Cyclic diadenylate) sodium 作为一种STING 激动剂，通过结合STING 激活TBK3-IRF3 信号途径，引发I 型 IFN 和 TNF 产生，兼具细菌第二信使功能，在革兰氏阳性细菌中调控细胞生长、存活及毒力，并影响宿主免疫反应。此外，作为有效的粘膜佐剂，它能刺激体液和细胞反应。 |
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T71303
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Flufenamic Acid-d4
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Flufenamic acid-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of flufenamic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Flufenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and COX inhibitor (IC50s = 3 and 9.3 µM for human COX-1 and COX-2, respectively). Flufenamic acid inhibits TNF-α-induced increases in COX-2 levels and NF-κB activation in HT-29 colon cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. It inhibits calcium influx induced by fMLP or A23187 in human polymorphonuclear... |
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T36517
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Resveratrol-3-O-sulfate sodium
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Resveratrol-3-O-sulfate is a metabolite of resveratrol . In U-937 cells stimulated with LPS, resveratrol-3-O-sulfate (1 μM) decreases the expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 by 61.2, 76.6, and 42.2%, respectively, and decreases the release of TNF-α and IL-6 to similar levels as resveratrol. It has antioxidant activity in a Trolox assay, dose-dependently decreases growth of Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells when used at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 μM, and induces apoptosis at conc... |
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T68321
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AS1940477
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AS1940477 is p38 MAPK inhibitor. AS1940477 inhibited the enzymatic activity of recombinant p38α and β isoforms but showed no effect against other 100 protein kinases including p38γ and δ isoforms. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, AS1940477 inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or phytohemagglutinin A (PHA)-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 at low concentrations (LPS/TNFα, IC(50)=0.45n M; PHA/TNFα, IC(50)=0.40 nM). In addition, equivalent c... |
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T83866
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LCC-12 formate
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LCC-12是一种铜(II)螯合剂，为二甲双胍的衍生物。作为单体，它能结合铜(II)并在20 µM的浓度下减少氢过氧化物依赖的NADH向NAD+的氧化。在10 µM的浓度下，LCC-12降低一次性人类细胞因子激活的单核衍生的巨噬细胞(MDMs)中IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的细胞因子水平，以及JAK2、STAT2和IL-1受体相关激酶4(IRAK4)的水平。此外，同样浓度的LCC-12减少了细胞因子激活的MDMs中CD80+和CD86+的数量。每日0.3 mg/kg的剂量可提高LPS或盲肠结扎穿孔模型小鼠的存活率。 |
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T36779
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NG 25 (hydrochloride hydrate)
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NG 25 is a type II kinase inhibitor that inhibits MAP4K2 and TAK1 (IC50s = 21.7 and 149 nM, respectively).1It also inhibits the Src family kinases Src and LYN (IC50s = 113 and 12.9 nM, respectively) and Abl family kinases (IC50s = 75.2 nM), as well as CSK, FER, and p38α (IC50s = 56.4, 82.3, and 102 nM, respectively). NG 25 (100 nM) prevents TNF-α-induced IKKα/β phosphorylation and IκB-α degradation in L929 cells. It inhibits secretion of IFN-α and IFN-β induced by CpG type B and CL097, respectiv... |
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T35854
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9(Z),11(E)-Conjugated Linoleic Acid (sodium salt)
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9(Z),11(E)-Conjugated linoleic acid is an isomer of linoleic acid that has been found in beef and milk fat.1It binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα; IC50= 140 nM) and activates the receptor in a reporter assay using COS-1 cells expressing mouse PPARα when used at a concentration of 100 μM.29(Z),11(E)-Conjugated linoleic acid inhibits TNF-α-inducedGLUT4expression and increases insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.3Dietary administration of 9(Z)11(E)-co... |
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T23028
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MRT67307 HCl (1190378-57-4 free base)
MRT67307 HCl
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Others |
Others |
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MRT67307 is an inhibitor for TBK1, IKKε , MARK1-4 and NUAK1 with IC50 value of 19, 160, 27-52 and 230nM , respectively [1]. It is an inhibitor for ULK1and ULK2 with IC50 value of 45 and 38nM, respectively [2]. Also, it is a salt inducible kinase (SIK) inhibitor with IC50 value of 250, 67 and 430nM for SIK1, SIK2 and SIK3, respectively.<br />SIKs prevent the formation of regulatory macrophages and their inhibition induces increasing in some markers of regulatory macrophages, such as IL-10 and oth... |
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T38309
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LL-37 amide (trifluoroacetate salt)
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LL-37 is a cationic and α-helical antimicrobial peptide expressed in human bone marrow, testis, granulocytes, and gingival epithelium and is upregulated in psoriatic lesions. It inhibits growth of Gram-positive E. coli D21 and Gram-negative B. megatarium in a concentration-dependent manner and LL-37 expression is induced in A549 epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and monocyte-derived macrophages following M. tuberculosis infection. LL-37 binds sheep erythrocytes coated with S. ... |
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T76865
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Enavatuzumab
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Enavatuzumab (PDL192; ABT-361)为一种人源化IgG1单克隆抗体，专门靶向TNF样细胞凋亡弱诱导剂受体(TWEAK)。TWEAK是TWEAK受体(TweakR)的自然配体，能激活多种细胞反应。Enavatuzumab通过激活TweakR信号和促进抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒性(ADCC)，有效抑制肿瘤生长，并能招募骨髓效应细胞，进而消灭肿瘤细胞。该药物已在体外及体内实验中证实，能够抑制多种TweakR阳性的人类癌细胞系与异种移植瘤的增长。 |
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T36618
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Rupatadine
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Rupatadine (UR-12592) is a potent dual PAF/H1 antagonist with Ki of 0.55/0.1 uM(rabbit platelet membranes/guinea pig cerebellum membranes).IC50 value:Target: PAF/H1 antagonistin vitro: Rupatadine competitively inhibited histamine-induced guinea pig ileum contraction (pA2 = 9.29 +/- 0.06) without affecting contraction induced by ACh, serotonin or leukotriene D4 (LTD4). It also competitively inhibited PAF-induced platelet aggregation in washed rabbit platelets (WRP) (pA2 = 6.68 +/- 0.08) and in hu... |
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