64
13
Cat. No. | Product Name | Target | Signaling Pathways |
---|---|---|---|
T3638 |
Leukadherin-1
|
Integrin; Complement System | Cytoskeletal Signaling; Immunology/Inflammation |
Leukadherin-1 是 CD11b/CD18 的变构激活剂,可增加 CD11b/CD18 依赖性细胞对纤维蛋白原的粘附,减少白细胞运动和跨内皮迁移,具有抗炎作用。 | |||
T14968 |
Cinanserin hydrochloride
SQ 10643 |
Influenza Virus; 5-HT Receptor | GPCR/G Protein; Microbiology/Virology; Neuroscience |
Cinanserin hydrochloride (SQ 10643) 是一种高亲和力拮抗剂,对 5-HT2 受体的Ki 值为 41 nM。它也是严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒的 3C 样蛋白酶抑制剂。 | |||
T38364 |
MeOSuc-AAPV-AMC
MeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-AMC |
||
MeOSuc-AAPV-AMC (MeOSuc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-AMC)是人类白细胞和猪胰腺弹性蛋白酶的荧光底物,是一种四肽。 | |||
T2238 |
Cariporide
卡立泊来德,HOE-642 |
Sodium Channel | Membrane transporter/Ion channel |
Cariporide (HOE-642) 是一种选择性的Na+/H+交换抑制剂。 | |||
T14676 |
BMS-688521
|
Integrin | Cytoskeletal Signaling |
BMS-688521 是一种具有口服活性和高效性的 LFA-1/ICAM 相互作用抑制剂,是白细胞功能相关抗原-1 (LFA-1) 的小分子拮抗剂,具有潜在的抗炎活性。 | |||
T21781 |
A-286982
|
Integrin | Cytoskeletal Signaling |
A 286982是高效的LFA-1/ICAM-1相互作用变构抑制剂,在LFA-1/ICAM-1结合和LFA-1介导的细胞粘附实验中,其IC50分别为44和35 nM。 | |||
T21729 |
(±)-Lisofylline
|
Others | Others |
(±)-Lisofylline 是一种对映异构体特异性、烷基取代的甲基黄嘌呤,在下调白细胞活化方面具有特异性和有效的活性。它是一种抗炎剂。 | |||
TP1554L |
HPV16 E7 (86-93) acetate
HPV16 E7 (86-93) acetate(160212-93-1 Free base) |
Others | Others |
HPV16 E7 (86-93) acetate 是人源白细胞抗原 A2.1 限制性 HPV16 E7 的衍生肽,在宫颈癌中具有免疫原性。 | |||
T24584 |
P505-15 Acetate
PRT 062607 Acetate,P505 15 Acetate,PRT-062607 Acetate,PRT062607 Acetate,P50515 Acetate |
Tyrosinase | Proteases/Proteasome |
P505-15 Acetate 是脾脏酪氨酸激酶的选择性抑制剂,通过抑制白细胞免疫功能和炎症起作用,导致关节炎评分降低和组织学损伤减轻。 | |||
T17157 |
TRAF-STOP inhibitor 6877002
CD40-TRAF6 inhibitor |
NF-κB | NF-κB |
TRAF-STOP inhibitor 6877002 (CD40-TRAF6 inhibitor)是一种 CD40-TRAF6 相互作用的选择性抑制剂,可以抑制 RAW 细胞中 NF-κB 活化。TRAF-STOP 6877002 可阻止小鼠动脉粥样硬化的恶化,减少白细胞募集和巨噬细胞的活化,减少动脉粥样硬化斑块中的巨噬细胞增殖。 | |||
T76844 |
Abciximab
C7E3 |
Integrin | Cytoskeletal Signaling |
Abciximab (C7E3) 是一种小鼠/人嵌合单克隆抗体,是一种有效的糖蛋白 IIb/IIIa (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa) 抑制剂。 Abciximab 具有抗血小板聚集和白细胞粘附的作用,通过与糖蛋白 IIb/IIIa、vitronectin 和 Mac-1 受体结合发挥作用。 | |||
TP1168 |
N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-Lys
fMLFK |
Others | Others |
N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-Lys (fMLFK) 是一种多肽,是选择性FPR1激动剂,作用于 FPR1(IC50:3.5 nM),FPR2(IC50:6.7 nM) 和 FPR2-D2817.32G(IC50:0.88 nM) 。 | |||
T24771 |
SCH-336
SCH336,SCH 336 |
Cannabinoid Receptor | GPCR/G Protein |
SCH-336是一种 CB2受体激动剂(Ki-1.8 nM, EC50-2 nM),具有有效性,选择性和口服活性。SCH-336对 CB1受体也具有生物活性,对CB2受体的选择性是CB1的100倍。SCH-336能够减少鸟苷5'-3- o -(硫)三磷酸与含hCB 的膜的结合,抑制 BaF3/CB2 细胞迁移,抑制小鼠延迟型超敏反应模型中的白细胞迁移,抑制小鼠过敏模型中抗原诱导的肺嗜酸性粒细胞增多。 | |||
T24328 |
L 680833
L680,833,L680833,L-680,833,L 680,833,L-680833 |
||
L 680833 is an orally active monocyclic beta-lactam human polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase inhibitor. | |||
T71025 |
KP 10614
|
||
KP 10614 is a new prostacyclin analog that inhibits platelet-polymorphonuclear leukocyte interaction. | |||
T15144 |
DMP 777
L-694458 |
Others | Others |
DMP 777 is an orally active inhibitor of human leukocyte elastase. | |||
T71869 | IMB-10 | ||
IMB-10 is an alphaMbeta2 integrin modulator, inhibiting leukocyte migration and recruitment in vitro and in vivo. | |||
T27660 |
JNJ-10311795
|
||
JNJ-10311795, a dual inhibitor of the leukocyte Proteases Cathepsin G and Chymase, has therapeutic efficacy in animals models of inflammation. | |||
TQ0032L |
Rosiptor acetate
AQX-1125,AQX 1125,AQX1125,AQX-1125 acetate |
||
Rosiptor is a potent and selective SHIP1 activator. AQX-1125 inhibits Akt phosphorylation in SHIP1-proficient but not in SHIP1-deficient cells, reduces cytokine production in splenocytes, inhibits the activation of mast cells and inhibits human leukocyte | |||
T26179 |
SC 67655
SC-67655,SC67655 |
||
SC 67655 is a peptidomimetic that specifically suppresses human leukocyte antigen DRB10401-restricted T cell proliferation. | |||
T25053 |
alpha-Gliadin (43-49)
Tyr-pro-gln-pro-gln-pro-phe |
||
alpha-Gliadin (43-49) is a Gliadian sequence peptide. It could induce leukocyte migration inhibition but be blocked by naloxone. | |||
T0260L |
Meclofenamate sodium hydrate
INF 4668,CI583,CI-583,INF-4668,CI 583,INF4668 |
||
Meclofenamate sodium is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, which can specifically inhibit chemokine-induced human polymorphonuclear leukocyte function: chemotaxis, degranulation, and superoxide anion free radical production. | |||
T70874 |
Vipoglanstat
|
||
Vipoglanstat is a prostaglandin E synthase inhibitor and an anti-inflammatory. Vipoglanstat ameliorates leukocyte infiltration and lung injury resulting from both endotoxin-induced and sepsis-induced lung injury. | |||
T26589 |
Albifylline
|
||
Albifylline is a xanthine derivates with anti-asthmatic activity. Albifylline may cause a significant reduction of shock-induced leukocyte adhesions to the sinusoidal endothelium in the liver after hemorrhagic shock. Albifylline also improves microvascula | |||
T71198 |
Eglin c (60-63)
|
||
Eglin c (60-63) is a sequence of a peptide that has been studied for its inhibitory activity towards human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, porcine pancreatic elastase and alpha-chymotrypsin. | |||
TP1525 |
HPV16 E7 (86-93) (TFA)(160212-93-1,free)
HPV16 E7 (86-93) (TFA) |
||
HPV16 E7 (86-93) TFA is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2.1 restricted HPV16 E7-derived peptide. | |||
T76841 | Enlimomab | ||
Enlimomab (BI-RR 0001) 是一种针对人 ICAM-1的小鼠 IgG2a 单抗,可抑制白细胞粘附到血管内皮,从而减少白细胞外渗漏和炎症性组织损伤。Enlimomab 具有抗炎作用,可用于中风研究。 | |||
TP1919 |
Ac2-12
|
||
Annexin/lipocortin 1-mimetic peptide; inhibits leukocyte extravasation. Reduces neutrophil adhesion and emigration, and promotes detachment of neutrophils from activated mesenteric endothelium in mice in vivo. | |||
T80131 |
C5a Anaphylatoxin (human)
|
Complement System | Immunology/Inflammation |
C5a Anaphylatoxin (human)为促炎多肽及白细胞化学引诱剂,主要应用于炎症与免疫领域研究,例如过敏性哮喘。 | |||
TP2083 |
Ac9-25
|
||
N-terminal peptide of Annexin I (AI/Lipocortin I) that inhibits leukocyte extravasation. Acts as a formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) ligand and stimulates neutrophil NADPH oxidase activation. | |||
T37969 |
12(S)-HpETE
|
||
12(S)-HpETE is a monohydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) produced by the action of platelet or leukocyte 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) on arachidonic acid. It activates human blood leukocyte 5-LO, resulting in the synthesis of 5(S)-HETE, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and 5(S),12(S)-DiHETE. Rat lung metabolizes 12(S)-HpETE to 8,11,12- and 10,11,12-trihydroxyeicostrienoic acids. 12(S)-HpETE is the mediator of many biological functions, including induction of c-fos and c-jun, activation of AP-1, and e... | |||
T36145 |
12(R)-HETE
|
||
Biosynthesis of 12(R)-HETE in invertebrates is via lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid . In mammals, 12(R)-HETE can be produced by 12(R)-LOs and also by CYP450 oxidation. The activity of 12(R)-HETE in mammals is predominantly proinflammatory. 12(R)-HETE exhibits dose-dependent leukocyte chemotaxis at concentrations as low as 100 nM, and lowers intraocular pressure in rabbits. | |||
T76015 |
HPV16 E7 (86-93) (TFA)
|
||
HPV16 E7 (86-93) TFA,一种HLA-A2.1限制的HPV16 E7衍生肽,在宫颈癌中显示出免疫原性。 | |||
T35947 |
17(S)-HDHA
|
||
17(S)-HDHA is a primary mono-oxygenation product of docosahexaenoic acid in human whole blood, human leukocytes, and mouse brain. 17(S)-HDHA serves as a precursor to 17(S)-resolvins and has intrinsic biological activity, such as the inhibition of TNF-α-induced interleukin-1β expression in human glioma cells and inhibition of TNF-α-induced leukocyte trafficking to the mouse air pouch. | |||
T38308 |
Lipoxin B4 methyl ester
|
||
Lipoxin B4 (LXB4) methyl ester is a lipid soluble prodrug form of the transcellular metabolite LXB4 . LXB4 is a positional isomer of LXA4 produced by the metabolism of 15-HETE or 15-HpETE by human leukocytes. At a concentration of 100 nM, LXB4 inhibits polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) migration stimulated by leukotriene B4 and inhibits LTB4-induced adhesion of PMNs with an IC50 value of 0.3 nM. | |||
T37265 |
15(R)-Lipoxin A4
15(R)-Lipoxin A4,AT-Lipoxin A4 |
||
Lipid-derived lipoxins are produced at the site of vascular and mucosal inflammation where they down-regulate polymorphonuclear leukocyte recruitment and function. 15(R)-Lipoxin A4 (15(R)-LXA4) is derived from the aspirin-triggered formation of 15(R)-HETE from arachidonic acid. [1] [2] 15(R)-LXA4 inhibits LTB4-induced chemotaxis, adherence, and transmigration of neutrophils with twice the potency of LXA4 demonstrating activity in the nM range.[2] [3] The anti-inflammatory effects of aspirin may... | |||
T37460 |
Lipoxin B4
Lipoxin B4 |
||
Lipoxin B4 (LXB4) is a positional isomer of LXA4 produced by the metabolism of 15-HETE or 15(S)-HpETE by human leukocytes. At a concentration of 100 nM, LXB4 inhibits polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) migration stimulated by leukotriene B4 and inhibits LTB4-induced adhesion of PMNs with an IC50 value of 0.3 nM. | |||
T77163 | Pexelizumab | ||
Pexelizumab (h5G1.1-SC)为一种针对C5补体成分的人源化单克隆抗体。该化合物可抑制凋亡(apoptosis)和白细胞浸润,常用于研究脑缺血再灌注损伤和心肌梗死。 | |||
T74435 | Alicaforsen sodium | ||
Alicaforsen sodium为20个碱基长度的反义寡核苷酸,主要通过抑制ICAM-1的产生发挥作用,ICAM-1作为关键粘附分子,参与白细胞向炎症部位的迁移和转运。 | |||
T74650 | JPE-1375 | ||
JPE-1375 是一种补体C5a 受体 1 (C5aR1) 拮抗剂。JPE-1375 能有效抑制小鼠体内多形核白细胞动员 (EC50=6.9 µM) 和降低TNF 水平 (EC50=4.5 µM)。JPE-1375 可用于自身免疫性和炎性疾病的研究。 | |||
T75815 |
WKYMVM-NH2 TFA
|
||
WKYMVM-NH2 TFA 是一种高效的 N-甲酰肽受体 FPR1 与 FPRL1/2 激动剂,具备激活白细胞功效特性,包括趋化性、补体受体-3 的激活以及 NADPH 氧化酶的激活。 | |||
T39067 |
MAGE-3 (271-279)
|
||
MAGE-3 (271-279) is a peptide consisting of 271-279 amino acid residues that is derived from melanoma antigens encoded by the MAGE-3 gene. It is specifically recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and binds to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 molecule. MAGE-3 is highly expressed in various human tumor types, such as malignant melanoma, but not in normal tissues, except for the testis and placenta. | |||
T76909 | Apolizumab | ||
Apolizumab (Hu1D10)为人源化单克隆抗体,针对人类白细胞抗原-DR β链。该抗体能够介导慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)细胞在体外的凋亡。 | |||
T35946 |
17(R)-Resolvin D1
Aspirin-triggered Resolvin D1,17(R)-Resolvin D1 |
||
Resolvins are a family of potent lipid mediators derived from both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.[1] In addition to being anti-inflammatory, resolvins promote the resolution of the inflammatory response back to a non-inflamed state.[2] Resolvin D1 is produced physiologically from the sequential oxygenation of DHA by 15- and 5-lipoxygenase.[1] 17(R)-RvD1 is an aspirin-triggered epimer of RvD1 that reduces human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) transendothelial migration, the ear... | |||
T37168 |
Resolvin D1 methyl ester
Resolvin D1 methyl ester |
||
Resolvin D1 is produced physiologically from the sequential oxygenation of docosahexaenoic acid by 15- and 5-lipoxygenase . It reduces human polymorphonuclear leukocyte transendothelial migration, the earliest event in acute inflammation, with an EC50 value of ~30 nM. RvD1 methyl ester is a methyl ester version of the free acid that may act as a lipophilic prodrug form that will alter its distribution and pharmacokinetic properties. The methyl ester moiety is susceptible to cleavage by intracell... | |||
T28933 |
TCV-309
TCV309 |
||
TCV-309 is an inhibitor of platelet activating factor (PAF). TCV-309 reduces graft PMN infiltration and enhances early function of 24-hour-preserved rat kidneys with long warm ischemia. TCV-309 attenuates the priming effects of bronchoalveolar macrophages | |||
T78633 |
MeOSuc-AAPV-CMK
Elastase Inhibitor III |
||
MeOSuc-AAPV-CMK (Elastase Inhibitor III) 为一种特定抗体,不仅抑制白细胞弹性蛋白酶,也能够抑制组织蛋白酶 G 及蛋白酶 3。此外,MeOSuc-AAPV-CMK 可有效阻断白细胞弹性蛋白酶对脂联素进行裂解的作用。 | |||
T38363 |
MeOSuc-AAPV-pNA
|
||
Proteinase 3 (PR3, myeloblastin) is a polymorphonuclear leukocyte serine proteinase that degrades matrix proteins including fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, and collagen type IV to generate antimicrobial peptides. Neutrophil elastase is a serine proteinase that is secreted by neutrophils during inflammation to destroy pathogens. Evaluating these enzymes is helpful to understanding inflammatory autoimmune processes. MeOSuc-AAPV-pNA is a highly sensitive peptide substrate that is hydrolyzed by b... | |||
T36052 |
Lipoxin A4 methyl ester
LXA4 methyl ester |
||
Lipoxin A4 methyl ester (LXA4 methyl ester) is a more lipid soluble, prodrug formulation of the transcellular metabolite LXA4. LXA4 is a trihydroxy fatty acid containing a conjugated tetraene, produced by the metabolism of 15-HETE or 15-HpETE with human leukocytes.[1] LXA4 is equipotent to leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in inducing superoxide generation in human neutrophils at 0.1 μM.[2] LXA4 is associated with several other biological functions including leukocyte activation, chemotaxis effects, natural... | |||
T36988 |
N-(3-hydroxy-7-cis tetradecenoyl)-L-Homoserine lactone
|
||
N-(3-hydroxy-7-cis tetradecenoyl)-L-Homoserine lactone is a long-chain N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) produced by some Gram-negative bacteria and is involved in quorum sensing. Quorum sensing enables bacteria to change gene expression based on cues from nearby bacteria and from eukaryotic hosts about nutrients, environmental conditions, or threats. Due to the benefit of quorum sensing for bacterial survival, quorum sensing molecules are potential targets for controlling bacterial infections. In... |
Cat. No. | Product Name | Target | Signaling Pathways |
---|---|---|---|
T9218 |
Andrograpanin
19-HYDROXY-8(17),13-LABDADIEN-16,15-OLIDE,新穿心莲内酯苷元 |
p38 MAPK | MAPK |
Andrograpanin (19-HYDROXY-8(17),13-LABDADIEN-16,15-OLIDE) 是来自穿心莲的一种天然产物,具有抗炎和抗感染活性。 | |||
T0070 |
Pentoxifylline
Oxpentifylline,PTX,己酮可可碱,BL-191 |
HIV Protease; PDE; Adenosine Receptor; Autophagy | Autophagy; GPCR/G Protein; Metabolism; Microbiology/Virology; Neuroscience; Proteases/Proteasome |
Pentoxifylline (PTX) 是一种具有口服活性的磷酸二酯酶非选择性抑制剂,具有免疫调节、抗炎、抗纤溶、抗增殖和血液流变学改善作用。它可研究周围血管疾病、脑血管疾病和其他一些涉及局部微循环缺陷的疾病。 | |||
T4115 |
Auraptene
橙皮油内酯,7-geranyloxycoumarin,橙皮油素 |
MMP; BACE | Neuroscience; Proteases/Proteasome |
Auraptene 是一种丰富的天然香叶氧基香豆素。它能够抑制基质金属蛋白酶 2 以及关键炎症因子,包括 IL-6,IL-8 和趋化因子 (C-C 基序) 配体-5 (CCL5)的分泌。 | |||
T6S1256 |
Ruscogenin
|
NOS; NF-κB; NOD-like Receptor (NLR) | Immunology/Inflammation; NF-κB |
Ruscogenin 是一种重要甾体皂苷元,提取自麦冬。它能够抑制 TXNIP/NLRP3炎症体激活和 MAPK 途径,改善脑缺血诱导的血脑屏障功能障碍,具有显著抗血栓、抗炎作用。 | |||
T1638 |
N-Acetylneuraminic acid
唾液酸,Acide aceneuramique,N-乙酰神经氨酸,NeuAc,Lactaminic acid |
Others; Influenza Virus; Endogenous Metabolite | Metabolism; Microbiology/Virology; Others |
N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Acide aceneuramique) 是一种九碳唾液酸单糖,通常存在于细胞膜上的糖蛋白和哺乳动物细胞中的神经节苷脂等糖脂中。它可用于神经传递、白细胞外渗、病毒或细菌感染以及碳水化合物-蛋白质识别。 | |||
T5S0106 |
Peimisine
贝母辛,Ebeiensine |
RAAS; AChR | Endocrinology/Hormones; Neuroscience |
Peimisine (Ebeiensine) 非竞争性拮抗气管平滑肌 M 受体,抑制 Ach 引起的平滑肌收缩。它兴奋 β 受体和拮抗内钙释放,促进一氧化氮释放,可舒张气管平滑肌,有平喘作用。 | |||
T24869 |
Texasin
IR2,IR 2,IR-2 |
||
Texasin is a selective inhibitor of human leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase. | |||
T16733 |
Resolvin E1
RvE1 |
Others | Others |
Resolvin E1 is an effective endogenous pro-resolving mediator of inflammation. Resolvin E1 has unique counterregulatory actions that inhibit PMN transendothelial migration. Resolvin E1 also acts as an effective inhibitor of leukocyte infiltration, dendrit | |||
T5768 | bruceine B | TNF; Parasite | Apoptosis; Microbiology/Virology |
Bruceine B 是一种有效的白细胞-内皮细胞粘附抑制剂,可抑制蛋白质和核酸合成。 | |||
TN4005 |
erythro-Guaiacylglycerol-beta-O-4'-dehydrodisinapyl ether
|
Serine Protease | Proteases/Proteasome |
erythro-Guaiacylglycerol-beta-O-4'-dehydrodisinapyl ether 是一种从巴西橡胶种子壳中提取的化合物,对人白细胞弹性蛋白酶具有抑制活性(IC50 :171 umol/L)。 | |||
TN1543 |
Cynaropicrin
|
IL Receptor; Others; TNF | Apoptosis; Immunology/Inflammation; Others |
Cynaropicrin is a potent activator of the AhR-Nrf2-Nqo1 pathway, and could therefore be applied to prevention of UVB-induced photo aging; it may be a potential anticancer agent against some leukocyte cancer cells such as lymphoma or leukemia, through pro- | |||
T36051 |
Lipoxin A4
脂氧素 A4,LXA4 |
||
Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is a trihydroxy fatty acid containing a conjugated tetraene, produced by the metabolism of (±)15-HETE or 15-HpETE with human leukocytes.[1] LXA4 is equipotent to leukotriene B4 in inducing superoxide generation in human neutrophils at 0.1 μM.2 LXA4 is associated with several other biological functions including leukocyte activation, chemotaxis effects, natural killer cell inhibition, and monocyte migration and adhesion.[2],[3],[4] Analytical and biological comparisons of synth... | |||
TN5153 |
Torilin
|
MMP; ERK; IκB/IKK; p38 MAPK; NF-κB; Tyrosinase; Reductase; DNA/RNA Synthesis; JNK | Cell Cycle/Checkpoint; DNA Damage/DNA Repair; Endocrinology/Hormones; MAPK; Metabolism; NF-κB; Proteases/Proteasome |
Torilin 是一种睾酮5α还原酶抑制剂,它(IC50=31.7+/-4.23μM)对5α还原酶的抑制作用强于α-亚麻酸(IC50=160.3+/-24.62μM),但弱于非那雄胺(IC50=0.38+/-0.06μM)。Torilin 具有免疫调节、肝脏保护和抗炎特性,它通过限制 TAK1介导的 MAP 激酶和 NF-βB 活化来抑制炎症,它可以减轻关节炎的严重程度,改变 dLN 或关节中的白细胞活化,并恢复血清和脾细胞细胞因子失衡。托利林抑制α-黑素细胞刺激激素激活的 B16黑色素瘤细胞中的黑色素生成,IC(50)值为25μM。Torilin 对枯草芽孢杆菌 ATCC 6633孢子和营养细胞表现出优异的抗菌活性。Torilin 在体内和体外都具有强大的抗血管生成活性,它可能通过抑制肿瘤侵袭来抑制肿瘤发生,逆转癌细胞的多药耐药性,它可以增强阿霉素、长春碱、紫杉醇和秋水仙碱对多药耐药 KB-V1和 MCF7/ADR 细胞的细胞毒性。 |