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(S)-Malic acid

产品编号 T4838 CAS 97-67-6

别名: L-(-)-Malic acid, (S)-(-)-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID, (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid, L-苹果酸

(S)-Malic acid ((S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid) 是天然存在的二羧酸，是水果酸甜味的来源，常用作食品添加剂。

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(S)-Malic acid, CAS 97-67-6

规格	价格/CNY	货期
5 g	￥ 163	现货
10 g	￥ 255	现货
1 mL * 10 mM (in DMSO)	￥ 178	现货

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其他形式的 (S)-Malic acid:

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纯度: 99.86%

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天然产物信息

生物活性

化学信息

存储 & 溶解度

参考文献

相关产品

植物来源	天然产物 > 其他（植物来源） > 其他

产品描述

(S)-Malic acid ((S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid) is a tart-tasting organic dicarboxylic acid that plays a role in many sour or tart foods. Apples contain malic acid, which contributes to the sourness of a green apple. Malic acid can make a wine taste tart, although the amount decreases with increasing fruit ripeness. (wikipedia). In its ionized form malic acid is called malate. Malate is an intermediate of the TCA cycle along with fumarate. It can also be formed from pyruvate as one of the anaplerotic reactions. In humans, malic acid is both derived from food sources and synthesized in the body through the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle which takes place in the mitochondria. Malate's importance to the production of energy in the body during both aerobic and anaerobic conditions is well established. Under aerobic conditions, the oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate provides reducing equivalents to the mitochondria through the malate-aspartate redox shuttle. During anaerobic conditions, where a buildup of excess of reducing equivalents inhibits glycolysis, malic acid's simultaneous reduction to succinate and oxidation to oxaloacetate is capable of removing the accumulating reducing equivalents. This allows malic acid to reverse hypoxia's inhibition of glycolysis and energy production. In studies on rats it has been found that only tissue malate is depleted following exhaustive physical activity. Other key metabolites from the citric acid cycle needed for energy production were found to be unchanged. Because of this, a deficiency of malic acid has been hypothesized to be a major cause of physical exhaustion. Notably, the administration of malic acid to rats has been shown to elevate mitochondrial malate and increase mitochondrial respiration and energy production.

体外活性

It is shown that ME is essential for (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (L-malic acid) utilization in L. casei. Moreover, deletion of either the gene encoding the histidine kinase or the response regulator of the TC system resulted in the loss of the ability to grow on (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid, thus indicating that the cognate TC system regulates and is essential for the expression of ME. Transcriptional analyses shows that expression of maeE is induced in the presence of (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid and repressed by glucose, whereas TC system expression is induced by (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid and is not repressed by glucose.

别名	L-(-)-Malic acid, (S)-(-)-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID, (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid, L-苹果酸
分子量	134.09
分子式	C4H6O5
CAS No.	97-67-6

存储

Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year

溶解度

DMSO: 27.5 mg/mL (205.09 mM)

溶液配制表

可选溶剂	浓度体积质量	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	7.4577 mL	37.2884 mL	74.5768 mL	186.4419 mL
	5 mM	1.4915 mL	7.4577 mL	14.9154 mL	37.2884 mL
	10 mM	0.7458 mL	3.7288 mL	7.4577 mL	18.6442 mL
	20 mM	0.3729 mL	1.8644 mL	3.7288 mL	9.3221 mL
	50 mM	0.1492 mL	0.7458 mL	1.4915 mL	3.7288 mL
	100 mM	0.0746 mL	0.3729 mL	0.7458 mL	1.8644 mL

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摩尔浓度计算器

稀释计算器

配液计算器

分子量计算器

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分子量

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容积 (起始)

浓度 (终)

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参考文献

1. Sreekumar A, Poisson L M, Rajendiran T M, et al. Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression.[J]. Nature, 2009, 457(7231):910-914. 2. Landete JM, et al. Requirement of the Lactobacillus casei MaeKR two-component system for L-malic acid utilization via a malic enzyme pathway. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Jan;76(1):84-95.

剂量换算

对于不同动物的给药剂量换算，您也可以参考 更多...

体内实验配液计算器

请在以下方框中输入您的动物实验信息后点击计算，可以得到母液配置方法和体内配方的制备方法：比如您的给药剂量是10 mg/kg，每只动物体重20 g，给药体积100 μL，一共给药动物10 只，您使用的配方为5% DMSO+30% PEG300+5% Tween 80+60% ddH2O。那么您的工作液浓度为2 mg/mL。

母液配置方法：2 mg 药物溶于 50 μL DMSO (母液浓度为 40 mg/mL)，如您需要配置的浓度超过该产品的溶解度，请先与我们联系。

体内配方的制备方法：取 50 μL DMSO 主液，加入 300 μL PEG300，混匀澄清，再加 50 μL Tween 80，混匀澄清，再加 600 μL ddH2O, 混匀澄清。

第一步：请输入动物实验的基本信息

剂量

mg/kg

每只动物体重

给药体积

μL

动物数量

第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成，不同的产品配方组成不同，如有配方需求，可先联系我们提供正确的体内配方。

% DMSO+

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% Tween 80+

% ddH₂O

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计算重置

计算结果如下:

工作液浓度: mg/ml;

母液配置方法: mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO (母液浓度为 mg/mL)，如您需要配置的浓度超过该产品的溶解度，请先与我们联系。

体内配方的制备方法：取 μL DMSO 主液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清，再加 μL Tween 80，混匀澄清，再加 μL ddH₂O, 混匀澄清。

备注:

要按顺序从左向右依次添加助溶剂。可配合物理方法，如涡流、超声波或热水浴使之帮助溶解。

技术支持

您可能有的问题的答案可以在抑制剂处理说明中找到，包括如何准备库存溶液，如何存储产品，以及基于细胞的分析和动物实验需要特别注意的问题。

Keywords

(S)-Malic acid 97-67-6 Metabolism Others Endogenous Metabolite HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID L-(-)-Malic acid inhibit (S)-(-)-HYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID Inhibitor Malic acid (S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid (S)-E 296 (S) Malic acid 2-Hydroxysuccinic acid (S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid L-Malic acid (S)Malic acid L-苹果酸 inhibitor

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(S)-Malic acid

存储

溶解度

溶液配制表

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参考文献

相关产品

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剂量换算

体内实验配液计算器

技术支持

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