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T22465
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1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycerol
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Others |
Others |
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1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycerol 是一种内标物，可用于分离和鉴定 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (DAG) 的分子种类。 |
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T19658
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Enflurane
NSC115944,Ethrane,NSC-115944,恩氟烷,Efrane,NSC 115944
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Others |
Others |
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Enflurane (Efrane) 是一种挥发性麻醉剂，是 Chara australis 高电导 Ca2+ 激活的 K+ 通道的有效抑制剂。 安氟醚是通过顶空气相色谱-质谱法监测卤化挥发性麻醉剂的内标。 它可以快速调整麻醉深度，而脉搏或呼吸频率几乎没有变化。 |
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T21230
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Butyl decanoate
Butyl caprate,AI3-33573,Decanoic acid, butyl ester
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Butyl decanoate could substitute hazardous compounds used in tissue processing and dewaxing, along with other compounds without impairing the diagnostic value of the tissue sections. It is also used as an internal standard to calculate the acid concentrat |
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T22214
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1,5,5-Trimethylhydantoin
1,5,5-三甲基海因,TMH
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Others |
Others |
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1,5,5-Trimethylhydantoin (TMH) 是非同位素内标化合物的一种。 |
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T35618
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D-Fructose-13C6
D-果糖 13C6
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Others |
Others |
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D-Fructose-13C6 可用作通过 GC-或 LC-MS 定量 D-果糖的内标。 |
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T73712
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Metformin-d6 hydrochloride
1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d6 hydrochloride
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AMPK;
Autophagy |
Autophagy;
Chromatin/Epigenetic;
PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling |
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Metformin-d6 hydrochloride (Metformin-d6 hydrochloride) 是 Metformin 的一种氘代化物，可用于研究 Metformin 在体内的代谢，常作为Metformin的内标。 |
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T34027
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PhIP-D3
PhIP D3
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PhIP-D3 is a deuterated internal standard for PhIP. |
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T68949
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Chlorocitalopram hydrobromide
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Chlorocitalopram hydrobromide is an internal standard of Citalopram -- an inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT) uptake. |
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T38182
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C17 Sphingomyelin (d18:1/17:0)
C17 Sphingomyelin (d18:1/17:0)
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C17 Sphingomyelin is a synthetic derivative of sphingomyelin that has been used as an internal standard for the quantification of sphingomyelin. |
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T38185
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C2 3'-sulfo Galactosylceramide (d18:1/2:0)
C2 3'-sulfo Galactosylceramide (d18:1/2:0)
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C2 3'-sulfo Galactosylceramide is a member of the sulfatide class of glycolipids. It has been used as an internal standard in the quantification of lysosulfatides in mouse brain tissue and plasma. |
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T37365
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7-hydroxy Coumarin sulfate (potassium salt)
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7-hydroxy Coumarin sulfate is a phase II metabolite of coumarin that can be used as an internal standard for the analysis of 7-hydroxy coumarin metabolism using GC- or LC-MS. |
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T36217
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19-hydroxy Cholesterol
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19-hydroxy Cholesterol is formed during metabolic oxidation of cholesterol. It has been used as an internal standard for the quantitative determination of sterols by mass spectroscopic analysis.[1] |
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T37438
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C17 Globotriaosylceramide (d18:1/17:0)
C17 Globotriaosylceramide (d18:1/17:0)
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C17 Globotriaosylceramide is a sphingolipid that has been used as an internal standard for the quantification of globotriaosylceramides in plasma and urine from patients with Fabry disease by GC-MS. |
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T38056
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Cholesteryl Arachidate
Cholesterol Arachidate
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Cholesteryl arachidate is a cholesterol ester that has been found in human meibum.[1][2] It has been used as an internal standard for the quantification of fatty acids in B. napus.[3] |
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T36437
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Sphinganine (d17:0)
Sphinganine (d17:0)
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Sphinganine is a synthetic bioactive sphingolipid that inhibits the growth of C. glabrata and C. albicans with a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of 0.5 μg/ml for both. More commonly, sphinganine is used as an internal standard in the analysis of sphingoid compounds by chromatographic or spectrometric methods. |
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T76385
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[Tyr8] Bradykinin
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[Tyr8] Bradykinin 是B2激肽受体 (B2kinin receptor) 的激动剂，能刺激ERK1/2磷酸化，并可作为内标。 |
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T38037
|
Caffeic Acid-13C3
Caffeic Acid-13C3
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Caffeic acid-13C3 is an isotopically enriched form of caffeic acid that is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of caffeic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Caffeic acid is an inhibitor of 5-LO , with IC50 values of 3.7-72 μM, and 12-LO, with IC50 values of 5.1-30 μM. |
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T36383
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L-Thyroxine-13C9,15N
L-Thyroxine-13C9,15N
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L-Thyroxine-13C9,15N is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of L-thyroxine by GC- or LC-MS. L-Thyroxine is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine. In vivo, L-thyroxine (0.9 and 2.7 μg) inhibits synthesis and release of thyrotropin induced by thyrotropin-releasing hormone from the anterior pituitary in mice. It also reverses decreases in levels of circulating thymic serum factor (FTS) and the number of T rosette-forming cells in an old age-induced mouse mode... |
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T35515
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3-Acetyldeoxy Nivalenol-13C17
3-Acetyldeoxy Nivalenol-13C17
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3-Acetyldeoxy nivalenol-13C17is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 3-acetyldeoxy nivalenol by GC- or LC-MS. 3-Acetyldeoxy nivalenol is a mycotoxin that has been found inF. graminearum.1In vivo, 3-acetyldeoxy nivalenol (40 mg/kg) induces duodenal and splenic cell necrosis, as well as lethality (LD50= 70 mg/kg) in mice.2
1.Jiao, F., Kawakami, A., and Nakajima, T.Effects of different carbon sources on trichothecene production and Tri gene expression by Fusarium grami... |
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T37682
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3-hydroxy Tridecanoic Acid
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3-hydroxy Tridecanoic acid is a 13-carbon saturated fatty acid found in bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). It can be used as an internal standard to detect markers of microorganisms in complex samples, including 3-hydroxy fatty acids found in LPS-containing bacteria and muramic acid found in bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan. |
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T37344
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5,6-dimethyl-2-Thiouracil
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5,6-dimethyl-2-Thiouracil is a heterocyclic building block that has been used in the synthesis of anti-HIV-1 pyrimidinones.1 It has also been used as an internal standard for the quantification of thyreostats, including 2-thiouracil, in bovine plasma.2
|1. Navrotskii, M.B. Synthesis and anti-HIV-1 activity of new 2-[(2-phthalimidoethyl)thio]-4(3H)-pyrimidinone derivatives. Pharm. Chem. J. 39(9), 466-467 (2005).|2. Schmidt, K.S. In-house validation and factorial effect analysis of a liquid chroma... |
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T36537
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Nitrofurantoin-13C3
Nitrofurantoin-13C3
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Nitrofurantoin-13C3is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of nitrofurantoin by GC- or LC-MS. Nitrofurantoin is a nitrofuran antibiotic.1In vivo, nitrofurantoin (25-100 mg/kg) reducesE. colireplication and abscess formation in the renal medulla of infected rats in a dose-dependent manner. It prevents kidney and bladder infection in rats following bladder inoculation with clinical isolates ofP. mirabilis. Nitrofurantoin also prevents alkalization of urine, as well as ca... |
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T35521
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Aflatoxin G2-13C17
Aflatoxin G2-13C17
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Aflatoxin G2-13C17is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of aflatoxin G2by GC- or LC-MS. Aflatoxin G2is a mycotoxin that has been found inAspergillus.1It is lethal to ducklings (LD50= 2.83 mg/kg) but is non-toxic to rats when administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg.2
1.Bennett, J.W., and Klich, M.MycotoxinsClin. Microbiol. Rev.16(3)497-516(2003) 2.Wogan, G.N., Edwards, G.S., and Newberne, P.M.Structure-activity relationships in toxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxins a... |
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T36895
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5-Fluorouracil-13C,15N2
5-Fluorouracil-13C,15N2
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5-Fluorouracil-13C,15N2 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 5-flurouracil by GC- or LC-MS. 5-Fluorouracil is a pyrimidine analog that irreversibly inhibits thymidylate synthase, blocking the synthesis of thymidine which is required for DNA synthesis. Intracellular metabolites of 5-fluorouracil exert cytotoxic effects by either inhibiting thymidylate synthetase, or through incorporation into RNA and DNA, ultimately initiating apoptosis. |
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T37178
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Norhyodeoxycholic Acid
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Norhyodeoxycholic acid (NHDCA) is a synthetic bile acid and a derivative of hyodeoxycholic acid .1,2 NHDCA is an intermediate in the synthesis of 3β-sulfooxy-7β-hydroxy-24-nor-5-cholen-23-oic acid, which has been used as an internal standard for the quantification of δ5-bile acid conjugates that have been identified in patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C1.3
|1. Schteingart, C.D., and Hofmann, A.F. Synthesis of 24-nor-5β-cholan-23-oic acid derivatives: A convenient and efficient one-carbon ... |
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T35697
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Lauric Acid-13C
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Lauric acid-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of lauric acid by GC- or LC-MS. Lauric acid is a medium-chain saturated fatty acid. It has been found at high levels in coconut oil.1Lauric acid induces the activation of NF-κB and the expression of COX-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and IL-1α in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 25 μM.2 |
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T71326
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1,3,7-Trimethyluric Acid-d9
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1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid-d9 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid by GC- or LC-MS. 1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid is a derivative of uric acid and a metabolite of caffeine. It is formed from caffeine by the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP3A4. 1,3,7-Trimethyluric acid scavenges hydroxyl radicals in a cell-free assay and inhibits t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation by 56.5% in isolated human erythrocyte membranes. |
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T37928
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13C6 Glucosylsphingosine (d18:1)
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13C6 Glucosylsphingosine (d18:1) is an isotopically enriched form of 1-β-D-glucosylsphingosine (d18:1) that is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 1-β-D-glucosylsphingosine by GC- or LC-MS. 1-β-D-Glucosylsphingosine is a lysolipid derivative of glucosylcerebroside that decreases activity of glucocerebrosidase in LA-N-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. |
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T35503
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(±)-5,7-Dimethyltocol
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(±)-5,7-Dimethyltocol is a form of tocopherol. It has similar antioxidant activity to α-tocol, but lower activity than γ-tocol, in antioxidant assays using menhaden oil or squalene as substrates. It also increases microviscosity of rat liver liposomes containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) by 70.6% when used at a molar ratio of 0.2 to PC. (±)-Dimethyltocol has been used as an internal standard for the quantification of 5,7-tocol, α- and γ-tocopherol, and α- and γ-tocopheryl quinone by HPLC. |
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T71893
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Clobetasol Propionate-d5
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Clobetasol propionate-d5 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of clobetasol propionate by GC- or LC-MS. Clobetasol propionate is a corticosteroid. It binds to glucocorticoid receptors in a cell-free assay and inhibits proliferation of primary human skin fibroblasts when used at a concentration of 5 µg/ml. Topical administration of clobetasol propionate reduces croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. Formulations containing clobetasol propionate have been used in the t... |
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T71302
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Norfluoxetine-d5 HCl
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Norfluoxetine-d5 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of norfluoxetine by GC- or LC-MS. Norfluoxetine is an active metabolite of the antidepressant fluoxetine. It is formed from fluoxetine by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A. Norfluoxetine inhibits serotonin (5-HT) uptake in rat brain synaptosomal membrane preparations (Ki = 44.7 nM) and isolated human platelets (IC50 = ~15 nM). It has been found in the tissues of fish exposed to wastewa... |
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T37250
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Cefazolin-13C2,15N
Cefazolin-13C2,15N
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Cefazolin-13C2,15N is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of cefazolin by GC- or LC-MS. Cefazolin is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic that is active in vitro against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 0.2-12.5 μg/ml). It also inhibits the growth of clinical isolates of S. aureus, E. coli, P. mirabilis, and K. pneumoniae (MICs = 0.1-25 μg/ml). In vivo, cefazolin protects against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. mirabilis infection in mice (ED50... |
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T35513
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13C15-Nivalenol
13C15-Nivalenol
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13C15-Nivalenol is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of nivalenol by GC- or LC-MS. Nivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin that has been found inFusarium.1It is lethal to mice (LD50= 6.9 mg/kg).2Nivalenol (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) also induces thymic, splenic, and Peyer's patch cell apoptosis in mice.3
1.Yang, Z., Concannon, J., Ng, K.S., et al.Tetrandrine identified in a small molecule screen to activate mesenchymal stem cells for enhanced immunomodulationSci. Rep.63026... |
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T70035
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Tasimelteon-d5
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Tasimelteon-d5 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tasimelteon by GC- or LC-MS. Tasimelteon is a melatonin (MT) receptor agonist. It selectively binds MT1 and MT2 receptors over a panel of 160 additional receptors and enzymes at 10 µM. Tasimelteon inhibits forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation with EC50 values of 0.79 and 1 nM in NIH3T3 cells expressing the MT1 or MT2 receptor, respectively. Formulations containing tasimelteon have been used in the treatment of no... |
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T71286
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Guaifenesin-d3
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Guaifenesin-d3 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of guaifenesin by GC- or LC-MS. Guaifenesin is an expectorant. It inhibits production of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), reduces mucus viscosity and elasticity, and increases the mucociliary transport rate of endogenous particles in primary human tracheobronchial epithelial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Guaifenesin increases phenol red secretion, a marker of expectorant activity, in rats.3 Formulations containing ... |
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T71206
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Tiagabine-d6 hydrochloride
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Tiagabine-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of tiagabine by GC- or LC-MS. Tiagabine is an inhibitor of GABA transporter 1. It inhibits seizures induced by DMCM in mice. Tiagabine reduces allodynia in a rodent model of neuropathic pain when used at a dose of 72.8 µmol/kg, and it acts synergistically with gabapentin to delay pain responses in mice in the hot plate test. Formulations containing tiagabine have been used as adjunctive therapies in the treatment of ... |
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T71329
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Theophylline-d6
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Theophylline-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of theophylline by GC- or LC-MS. Theophylline is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. It is also an adenosine A1 and A2 receptor antagonist. Theophylline induces relaxation of isolated cat bronchial smooth muscle segments precontracted with acetylcholine. It inhibits ovalbumin-induced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) eosinophil infiltration in an ovalbumin-sensitized mouse model of allergic asthma. F... |
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T71065
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Quinapril-d5
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Quinapril-d5 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of quinapril by GC- or LC-MS. Quinapril is a prodrug form of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor quinaprilat. In vivo, quinapril reduces mean arterial pressure in renal hypertensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. It inhibits angiotensin I-induced pressor responses in normotensive rats and dogs. Quinapril prevents left ventricular heart failure in CHF 14.6 cardiomyopathic hamsters. Formulations con... |
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T35520
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Aflatoxin G1-13C17
Aflatoxin G1-13C17
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Aflatoxin G1-13C17is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of aflatoxin G1by GC- or LC-MS. Aflatoxin G1is a mycotoxin that has been found inA. terricola.1In vivo, aflatoxin G1is lethal to ducklings (LD50= 1.18 mg/kg).2It induces hepatocellular carcinoma tumor formation and lethality in rats when administered at doses of 1.4 and 3 mg/animal, respectively. Aflatoxin G1also inhibits liver and kidney succinate dehydrogenase and fumarase, as well as kidney cytochrome oxidase... |
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T37608
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Riluzole-13C,15N2
Riluzole-13C,15N2
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Riluzole-13C,15N2 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of riluzole by GC- or LC-MS. Riluzole is a benzothiazole derivative with anti-excitotoxic effects that acts by blocking the presynaptic release of glutamate, indirectly antagonizing glutamate receptors, and inactivating neuronal voltage-gated Na+ channels (ED50 = 2.3 μM). Riluzole suppresses glutamate-induced seizures in rats at an ED50 value of 3.2 mg/kg and displays neuroprotective effects in hypoxic animals a... |
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T71984
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Enrofloxacin-d5
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Enrofloxacin-d5 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of enrofloxacin by GC- or LC-MS. Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is active against panels of Campylobacter, E. coli, and Salmonella isolates (mean MIC50s = 0.06, 0.5, and 0.03 µg/ml, respectively). It is also active against equine isolates of L. intracellularis (MICs = 0.125-0.5 µg/ml). Enrofloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase. In vivo, enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg) increases survival in a mouse model... |
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T35519
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Aflatoxin B2-13C17
Aflatoxin B2-13C17
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Aflatoxin B2-13C17(AFB2-13C17) is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of AFB2by GC- or LC-MS. AFB2is a mycotoxin that has been found inA. terricola.1It induces hepatic autophagy and apoptosis in broiler chickens when administered at doses of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg.2AFB2(0.5 and 1 mg/animal) also induces parenchymal cell hyperplasia in rats.3
1.Moubasher, A.H., el-Kady, I.A., and Shoriet, A.Toxigenic Aspergilli isolated from different sources in EgyptAnn. Nutr. Alimen... |
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T36731
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Cholesteryl Heptadecanoate
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Cholesteryl heptadecanoate is a cholesterol ester (CE) formed by the condensation of cholesterol with heptadecanoic acid, a C-17 saturated fatty acid that does not occur in any natural animal or vegetable fat at high concentrations. As such, it is commonly used as an internal standard for the quantification of cholesterol esters by GC- or LC-mass spectrometry. CEs are major constituents of lipoprotein particles carried in blood and accumulate in the fatty acid lesions of atherosclerotic plaques.... |
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T71205
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Fosinopril-d7 sodium salt
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Fosinopril-d7 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of fosinopril by GC- or LC-MS. Fosinopril is a prodrug form of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor fosinoprilat. Oral administration of fosinopril inhibits angiotensin I-induced pressor responses in normotensive rats, dogs, and monkeys when administered at doses of 15, 15, and 10 µmol/kg, respectively. Fosinopril reduces fractional shortening and decreases left ventricular size in a porcine model of congesti... |
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T71211
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Rizatriptan-d6 benzoate salt
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Rizatriptan-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of rizatriptan by GC- or LC-MS. Rizatriptan is an agonist of the serotonin
receptor subtypes 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D. It is selective for 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors over 5-HT1A receptors. Rizatriptan induces vasoconstriction in isolated human middle meningeal arteries. In vivo, rizatriptan reduces head grooming, the number of oculotemporal strokes, eye blinking, and one-eye closures in a Cacna1a mutant transgenic mou... |
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T71306
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Gemfibrozil-d6
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Gemfibrozil-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of gemfibrozil by GC- or LC-MS. Gemfibrozil is a peroxisome proliferator-activated reporter α and PPARγ agonist. In vivo, gemfibrozil reduces serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels in a rat model of high-cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemia. Gemfibrozil reduces atherosclerotic plaque area, superoxide production, and expression of the genes encoding the NF-κB subunit p65 and chemokine (C-C) motif l... |
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T35482
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1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE
1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE,1-Hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine
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1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE is a naturally-occurring lysophospholipid. [1] It inhibits the growth of L. donovani promastigotes (GIC50 = 8 uM). [2]1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE serum levels are decreased in a mouse model of alcohol-induced liver injury and in a hepatocellular carcinoma mouse xenograft model. [3] Human serum levels are also decreased immediately and 14 hours following an exercise regimen of 2.5 hours of running for three days. [1]1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-... |
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T70174
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Pirlindole-d4 HCl
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Pirlindole-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of pirlindole by GC- or LC-MS. Pirlindole is a selective and reversible monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitor. It is selective for MAO-A over MAO-B. In rats, it reverses the depressive-like effects induced by chronic mild stress (CMS), increases proliferation of hippocampal neural progenitor cells, and reverses dendritic atrophy in granule neurons. Pirlindole is also an inhibitor of enterovirus-D68 and coxsackieviru... |
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T36384
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DL-Tyrosine-13C9,15N
L-Tyrosine-13C9,15N
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L-Tyrosine-13C9,15N is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of L-tyrosine by GC- or LC-MS. L-Tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid.1It is produced by hydroxylation of phenylalanine by phenylalanine hydroxylase but can also be obtained from dietary sources or degradation of endogenous proteins, resulting in L-tyrosine release.1,2L-Tyrosine is a precursor in the biosynthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters, melanins, and thyroid hormones.3Plasma, skeletal muscle, and... |
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T35773
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Gliotoxin-13C13
Gliotoxin-13C13
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Gliotoxin-13C13is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of gliotoxin by GC- or LC-MS. Gliotoxin is an immunosuppressive mycotoxin produced by pathogenic strains ofAspergillusand other fungi with diverse biological activities.1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8It inhibits 20S proteasomal chymotrypsin activity (IC50= 10 μM), blocking the degradation of IκBα and preventing the activation of NF-κB.2,3Gliotoxin induces apoptosis in monocytes and dendritic cells and reduces phagocytosis by neutr... |
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